Social Organization The Culture-Specific Terms in Ayu Utami‟s Saman and Their Translated

Puskesmas is an abbreviation of pusat kesehatan masyarakat. It is a name of a government program which concerns with the health of people in small areas almost in every sub-district in Indonesia. This is also a place for delivering government new policy in health field. On the other hand, the „local clinic‟ has the same purpose, but it is more general. It has no authority to deliver the new policy from government. It can be concluded from the definition that the transferred meaning is only carried in partial. Since Puskesmas is institutionally built by the government of Indonesia, it is included in the part of social organization. The last example of material culture is presented below. ST: Aku akan tinggal di New York lebih kurang dua tahun, mempelajari tari dan koreografi dalam beberapa festival disana, terlibatserentetan lokakarya juga mengajar, dan puncaknya adalah menggarap karyaku sendiri. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.141 TT: I would stay in New York in a couple of years, take part in and choreography at a number of festivals there, take a part in a series of workshop , teach, and the highlight would be producing my own work. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.137 Based on KBBI Online, lokakarya is a name for academical group or organization which is doing a sharing to solve a problem about scientific issues. The members of representative house in the government also do this kind of activity to gather the right idea to solve their internal or national problem. It means that this term stick to Indonesian people, since this term is used to address a couple of workshop in the Soeharto‟s era. Therefore, it is a part of government activity related to a politic which is one of the requirement when the word is considered as culture-specific terms as social organization category. The transferred meaning in source text is shifted away. Lokakarya is a series of workshop, but it is in a particular purpose and mostly a formal event held by the man or woman in charge. The difference is quite clear. The following is the last example of social organization. ST: Biasanya ia pergi menjelang magrib. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.62 TT: He usually left in time for evening prayer. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.59 According to KBBI Online, magrib is 1 barat arah matahari terbenam; 2 waktu matahari terbenam: ia tiba di Jakarta menjelang --; 3 waktu salat wajib menjelang matahari terbenam sampai lenyapnya sinar merah di ufuk barat; 4 Isl huruf awal ditulis dengan kapital salat wajib sebanyak tiga rakaat pada waktu menjelang matahari terbenam sampai lenyapnya sinar merah di ufuk barat. This definition refers to a specific prayer of a Muslim religion which has 3 rakaat bowing in order to praying. If it is connected with the time, it emphasizes the time before sunset between 5 p.m. until 6 p.m. In the English, the culture-specific terms magrib is translated into „evening prayer‟ which has more general meaning. On ly a half of the meaning after the word is transferred, since „evening prayer‟ is referring to many kinds of prayer. Here, the translator uses the globalization technique because this word has no equal meaning in English word.

e. Gesture and habit

Based on Newmark 1988, p.99, the last category is gesture and habit. Gesture and habit can be defined as cultural behaviors and gesture of local people which have particular characteristic and those are systematically followed by the people nearby with specific purpose to achieve something. The researcher found only two terms that belong to gesture and habit category. All the data taken from the research are presented below. ST: Konon, anak perempuan ini menikmatinya juga. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.70 TT: Everyone said she enjoy it too. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.66 According to KBBI Online, konon is agaknya biasanya di belakang kata tanya, gerangan. However, in reality, the word konon is habitually used when someone told a legend or a story that is related to scary things. When someone heard the word konon, it must be the beginning of a scary story. It is also used to grab the attention before telling a story. It is clear that konon is a habitual word used by Indonesian, hence, it is listed as culture-specific terms in gesture and habit category. Omission technique is applied in the novel because the cultural word used in certain cases has been deleted. It is clearly seen that this term only appears in Indonesia, meanwhile in English, there is no such culture-specific term like that. Since the word has been deleted, the meaning of all sentences is decreasing. There is no sense of horror anymore in the target text. There are only two data which are found in this novel, another one is in the datum below. ST: Dibangsal yang bau karetnya menusuk., sekitar enampuluh pria dan sepuluh wanita tua bersila atau bersimpuh membentuk lingkaran seputardua petromaks yang menggumam. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.96 TT: They sat cross-legged in a circle around two humming kerosene lamps, about sixty men and ten elderly women, the acrid smell of rubber in the air. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.92 In this case, bersila is a type of sitting position. Based on KBBI Online, bersila is duduk dengan kaki berlipat dan bersilang. It has the equivalent meaning