Material Culture The Culture-Specific Terms in Ayu Utami‟s Saman and Their Translated

greatness in Indonesian kingdom at the past. Most of the kings that have ruled in Indonesia have this weapon and this weapon is always brought anywhere they go. Some people believe that this weapon also has magical power which make the owner stronger and dignified. Nowadays, In Java for more specific, keris is still used until now in Javanese wedding ceremony as a part of the clothes which is worn by man on the back with jasmine hanging on it. People still believe all of the spirit will affect the bride. In the translated culture-specific terms, the meaning is transferred fully because the translator has foreignized the original word. Since it only exists in Indonesia, the word keris is classified into material culture. The researcher provides another example of material culture taken from the data in the following. ST: “Lihat Upi Sangkar emasmu sebentar lagi jadi. Minggu depan kubikinkan juga amben dan meja makan,” katanya dengan bangga. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.78 TT: “Look, Upi Your golden cage will soon be finished. Next week I‟ll make you a sleeping platform and dining table,” he said proudly. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.75 In this research, the word amben Javanese language is a place for sitting or lying down which is made from wood or bamboo. It can be applied for several purposes such as lying down, sitting, or sleeping. This thing is used starting from Hindus-Buddhism era. Amben already exists as an old traditional bed before the modern bed is developed. Thus, amben is still produced by the society till now to conserve the ancestor culture, but sometimes it reflects the owner wealth; there is an unwritten rule that if someone has an amben, it means that she is poor. However, this rule is still applied in village or in remote area which belongs to specific area that does not want to be touched by modernism. It has a big function in particular society in Indonesia. When the word amben in translated into „sleeping platform‟, the meaning is not carried fully. Translator chooses the word „sleeping platform‟ because of its function without paying attention to other things that make amben is unique. The translator has consideration of the most similar thing that represents amben. Hence, amben is classified as material culture. There is still one more datum of material culture, showed as follow. ST: Diruhnya seoranganak untuk menutupi mayat lelaki tadi dengan sarung yang dibuka jahitanya. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.102 TT: He told one of the boys to cover the dead man body with a sarong. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.98 Sarung is a traditional cloth made from textile with big holes at top and bottom of its part which is wrapped around the waist. Many regions in Indonesia make this cloth with their own uniqueness in the term of motif, trademark, and company depending on their local culture. Sometimes, this thing is used by Muslim people to be worn when they are praying. It is a complementary clothe instead of pants. It is put on the waist and tucked around to cover legs for male. It can be concluded that there is no such thing abroad, especially in western culture. Hence, the foreignized word „sarong‟ carried the meaning from the source text fully. It is also considered as culture-specific terms and it is grouped in material culture because is it a material that exists only in Indonesia. Both words can be concluded carrying all the meaning from the source to target language.

c. Social Culture

The researcher found 29 terms that belongs to culture-specific terms and it fits in social culture category. Newmark 1988, p.77 discussed that social culture consists of activity of work and leisure, such as sport and occupation and many more. The example taken from the data as follows. ST: Perempuan itu mencukupkan pekerjaanya setiba asar. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.13 TT: She finished her work by four o‟clock. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.13 In Indonesia, asar is one of the five names of prayer in Islam that has four rakaat bowing in religious purpose. In Indonesian culture, sometimes it is used to indicate particular times. It is simpler because almost 90 of Indonesians are Muslim, therefore they can understand it easier. Asar prayer usually starts around 3 p.m until the sun goes down around 6 p.m. Therefore, it is included in social culture of Indonesia. It is socially scattered without any command because majority people are Muslim. However, if the translation is observed from the meaning, the meaning in the source and target language is shifted a little or only a partial that emerged in the target text. In Indonesian language, it means a prayer which is done around 3 p.m. till 6 p.m. while in translated text only refers to a specific time around asar prayer. The following sentence in another example in social culture. ST: Eyang mengerencang minyak dari kelapa dan ibu meminumnya agar kelak bayi lahir dengan lancer. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.55 TT: Grandmother, made a special brew from coconut oil, which mother drank to ensure a smooth birth. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.52 Eyang is a Javanese word for nenek or kakek in Bahasa Indonesia. Meanwhile, according to Cambridge Dictionary Online, grandmother is the mother of a persons father or mother. The word eyang has similar meaning with