Gesture and habit The Culture-Specific Terms in Ayu Utami‟s Saman and Their Translated

only two terms that belong to gesture and habit category. All the data taken from the research are presented below. ST: Konon, anak perempuan ini menikmatinya juga. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.70 TT: Everyone said she enjoy it too. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.66 According to KBBI Online, konon is agaknya biasanya di belakang kata tanya, gerangan. However, in reality, the word konon is habitually used when someone told a legend or a story that is related to scary things. When someone heard the word konon, it must be the beginning of a scary story. It is also used to grab the attention before telling a story. It is clear that konon is a habitual word used by Indonesian, hence, it is listed as culture-specific terms in gesture and habit category. Omission technique is applied in the novel because the cultural word used in certain cases has been deleted. It is clearly seen that this term only appears in Indonesia, meanwhile in English, there is no such culture-specific term like that. Since the word has been deleted, the meaning of all sentences is decreasing. There is no sense of horror anymore in the target text. There are only two data which are found in this novel, another one is in the datum below. ST: Dibangsal yang bau karetnya menusuk., sekitar enampuluh pria dan sepuluh wanita tua bersila atau bersimpuh membentuk lingkaran seputardua petromaks yang menggumam. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.96 TT: They sat cross-legged in a circle around two humming kerosene lamps, about sixty men and ten elderly women, the acrid smell of rubber in the air. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.92 In this case, bersila is a type of sitting position. Based on KBBI Online, bersila is duduk dengan kaki berlipat dan bersilang. It has the equivalent meaning with „sat cross-legged‟. This kind of sitting style is often found if someone sits on the floor, on the math, or the like. In Javanese culture, when they held a small prayer or a small ceremony, the guest will be sitting with cross-legged on the mat. This is habitually followed by the Javanese people since they will be closer with someone who sits next to them. Therefore, bersila is classified as culture specific terms in terms of gesture and habit. Literal translation is applied in this case, the translator put the words on the target text because it based on the shape of the legs when they are bersila. This technique called literal translation. The equivalent meaning of the transferred word is fully equivalent.

2. Translation Techniques that Signify Foreignization and Domestication of

Culture- Specific Terms in Ayu Utami‟s Saman and Their Translated Expressions Pamela Allen‟s Saman Based on Ligita Judickaitė joural, foreignization are divided into four categories. On the other hand, domestication has six categories. In this research, all the culture-specific terms data can be analyzed using the technique proposed from Judickaitė.

a. Foreignization

According t o Judickaitė, there are four subcategories under the foreignization technique. They are preservation, addition, naturalization, and literal translation. 1 Preservation Preservation is the most used technique among all the foreignizing techniques that appears 23 times of all 157 data. Letting the words from the source text to be placed in the target text exactly the same is called preservation technique. Several data of preservation are presented below ST: Kong Tek – begitu dia dulu menyebut orang Cina yang membuka warung dekat rumahnya. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.60 TT: Kong Tek - as he used to call the Chinese man who‟d owned a warung near their home. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.57 In this case, the word in the source and target text is exactly the same. The translator copies the word because she cannot find the word that has the closest equivalent meaning in the target text. The word warung in Indonesia means a place for selling food, drink, and the like in retail and it is usually a small place owned by individual or a family. Sometimes, it is only a side job. In English, there is no word which can define the description above in simple. Since the word has been preserved, the meaning is brought fully into the target language. The following example is one of the data about the preservation technique. ST: Kali kedua ia kesana, pada hari libur nyepi, ia bertemu dengan si suami. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.61 TT: He met her husband the second time he went there, on the nyepi holiday. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.58 Nyepi is a big day for Hindus people to celebrate the new years of Syaka. In this research, the translator can change the word nyepi into „silent‟ because it almost has the same meaning, but the translator choses to keep the original word. The words „silent‟ cannot cover the meaning of nyepi itself. Nyepi is the kind of annual ceremony which involves any element of local people there, beside the culture-specific terms word is sensitive to be translated, especially when the word