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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoretical Review
1. Definitions of Translation
There are many experts who are trying to define translation in various point of views. Newmark in El-Shafey 2012: 4 proposes the definition of
translation as “The act of transferring meaning of a stretch or a unit of language, the whole or a part, from one language to another.” Based on the definition,
translation can be concluded as a process of transferring spoken or written text from source language into target language. The process of translating spoken and
written text consider the meaning of each word in order to transfer the meaning perfectly in target language. Meanwhile, the transferred meaning can be as a part
or the whole. Nida and Taber in El-Shafey 2012: 3 define translation as follows:
“Translating as a process of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms
of meaning and secondly in terms of style. In other words, translation is a transfer of meaning, message, and style from one source language text to
the target language text.” The definition of translation by Nida and Taber above means that
translation is a process of transferring source language text into target language text with the equivalent meaning, message, and style.
2. Types of Translation
The types of translation can be divided into different ways depending on the point of view of the experts. Based on Jakobson in Tumaiuolo 2012: 33,
there are three types of translation. Those are intralingual translation, interlingual translation, and intersemiotic translation.
a. Intralingual Translation
It is a kind of translation process which interprets one sign into other signs in the same language. Summarizing a text or simplifying a novel is the example
of intralingual translation. b.
Interlingual Translation It refers to a type of translation process which translates one sign into another
sign in different language. The examples of interlingual translation are translation of books and subtitle occurred in movies.
c. Intersemiotic Translation
It is a term dealing with a type of translation in which a translator focuses only on the acquiring of the message, such as reading notices and looking at
maps.
3. Translation Process
In translating a text, there are three stages in translation process based on Nida and Taber Munday, 2008: 40, those are: a. analyzing the message in the
source language; b. transfer; c. restructuring A Source Language
B Target Language
Figure 1. Translating Process by Nida and Taber in Munday 2008: 40
Y Transfer
X
Analysis Reconstructing
Kategori