Social Culture The Culture-Specific Terms in Ayu Utami‟s Saman and Their Translated

consists of activity of work and leisure, such as sport and occupation and many more. The example taken from the data as follows. ST: Perempuan itu mencukupkan pekerjaanya setiba asar. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.13 TT: She finished her work by four o‟clock. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.13 In Indonesia, asar is one of the five names of prayer in Islam that has four rakaat bowing in religious purpose. In Indonesian culture, sometimes it is used to indicate particular times. It is simpler because almost 90 of Indonesians are Muslim, therefore they can understand it easier. Asar prayer usually starts around 3 p.m until the sun goes down around 6 p.m. Therefore, it is included in social culture of Indonesia. It is socially scattered without any command because majority people are Muslim. However, if the translation is observed from the meaning, the meaning in the source and target language is shifted a little or only a partial that emerged in the target text. In Indonesian language, it means a prayer which is done around 3 p.m. till 6 p.m. while in translated text only refers to a specific time around asar prayer. The following sentence in another example in social culture. ST: Eyang mengerencang minyak dari kelapa dan ibu meminumnya agar kelak bayi lahir dengan lancer. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.55 TT: Grandmother, made a special brew from coconut oil, which mother drank to ensure a smooth birth. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.52 Eyang is a Javanese word for nenek or kakek in Bahasa Indonesia. Meanwhile, according to Cambridge Dictionary Online, grandmother is the mother of a persons father or mother. The word eyang has similar meaning with grandmother, but eyang has broader meaning than „grandmother‟. Eyang can be applied to grandmother or grandfather. The words eyang nowadays is not only used by the Javanese people but also widely all over Indonesia. It is organizationally followed generation by generation in Indonesia. That is why eyang is categorized as historical social term. Only partly equivalent meaning emerged in the target language, since the target language has the broader meaning. The researcher also represents another example taken from the data as follow. ST: Ketika remaja aku selalu menari sebagai Arjuna dalam wayang orang. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.121 TT: When I was teenager I always used to dance as Arjuna in the wayang orang. P amela Allen‟s Saman p.117 From the datum above, it can be seen that wayang orang is an art event in Indonesia. This cultural entertainment event born in Java long time ago. It is a traditional theatre that plays a story about Ramayana or Mahabarata or sometimes another Javanese story happened in the past. The actors of wayang orang are almost the same with the modern drama, but the movement, the tone, and the intonation are very strong with daily life of ancestors. It can be said that the traditional way has its own uniqueness but slower in the plot movement. Since wayang orang only exist in Indonesia, it is included as the culture-specific terms as social culture based on Newmark theory. The meaning is fully transferred because the foreignized word applied here considered as the best technique to gain fully equivalent meaning. The datum presented below are the last example of social culture category. ST: Di sekeliling kompleks itu terbentang bukit-bukit yang ditinggali raksasa: buta cakil, buta rambut gheni, buta ijo, buta terong, buta wortel, buta lobak dan buta-buta galak. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.123 TT: All around the compound were hills inhabited by giants: the ogre with the protruding jaw, the ogre with the flaming hair, the green ogre, the eggplant-nose ogre, the carrot-nose ogre, the radish-nose ogre, Ferocious ogres. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.119 At this point, the datum above which is underlined buto rambut geni is considered as a culture-specific terms which is grouped in social cultures category. Buto rambut geni itself is a monster with flaming hair that in Javanese culture considered as one of the scariest monster characters in the story of wayang. The term is classified as culture-specific terms because this ogre is appeared in the legend of Indonesia especially Javanese belief. Long time ago this ogre used to scare children in order to keep children remain at home after Maghrib around 6 p.m.. In the meaning part, the meaning of both text has no significant difference.

d. Social Organization

Social organization contains formal terms in specific variety of requirements refer to customsactivitiesorganization that is associated to political, institutional, administrative, religious, artistic, and historical terms Newmark, 1988, p.99. There are 39 terms found in this research and those are categorized as social organization. ST: Mereka membawa seorang dokter muda dari puskesmas. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.75 TT: A young doctor from the local clinic accompanied them. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.72 Puskesmas is an abbreviation of pusat kesehatan masyarakat. It is a name of a government program which concerns with the health of people in small areas almost in every sub-district in Indonesia. This is also a place for delivering government new policy in health field. On the other hand, the „local clinic‟ has the same purpose, but it is more general. It has no authority to deliver the new policy from government. It can be concluded from the definition that the transferred meaning is only carried in partial. Since Puskesmas is institutionally built by the government of Indonesia, it is included in the part of social organization. The last example of material culture is presented below. ST: Aku akan tinggal di New York lebih kurang dua tahun, mempelajari tari dan koreografi dalam beberapa festival disana, terlibatserentetan lokakarya juga mengajar, dan puncaknya adalah menggarap karyaku sendiri. Ayu Utami‟s Saman p.141 TT: I would stay in New York in a couple of years, take part in and choreography at a number of festivals there, take a part in a series of workshop , teach, and the highlight would be producing my own work. Pamela Allen‟s Saman p.137 Based on KBBI Online, lokakarya is a name for academical group or organization which is doing a sharing to solve a problem about scientific issues. The members of representative house in the government also do this kind of activity to gather the right idea to solve their internal or national problem. It means that this term stick to Indonesian people, since this term is used to address a couple of workshop in the Soeharto‟s era. Therefore, it is a part of government activity related to a politic which is one of the requirement when the word is considered as culture-specific terms as social organization category. The transferred meaning in source text is shifted away. Lokakarya is a series of