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Figure 2. Analytical Construct
Multilingual Translation
Intralingual Translation
Intersemiotics Translation
Translation
Domestication Foreignization and Domestication
Foreignization
Literal Translation Naturalization
Addition Preservation
Equivalent Translation
Translation By More Specific Words
Globalization Omission
Cultural Equivalent Categories of Culture-Specific Terms
Ecology
Material Culture
Social Culture
Gesture and Habit Social Organization
Source Language Ayu Utami‟s Saman
Translation Techniques
Culture-Specific Terms Target Language
Pamela Allen‟s Saman
Translated Expression of Culture-Specific Terms
Translation
Interlingual Translation
Bilingual Translation
Literary Translation
Creation
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Research
This research used a descriptive qualitative method. As stated by Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009, p.166-167, a qualitative research is a research
based on people‟s interpretation of their own experience. Related to its purpose, the qualitative research is more about how to make description than prediction of
the data. That is why the depth of understanding of researcher‟s point of view is the goal of this type of research.
B. Data and Sources of the Data
The data are expression units representing culture-specific terms in Ayu Utami‟s Saman and their translated expressions in Pamela Allen‟s Saman. The
data are collected manually from the texts at the source language and target language. The Unit of analysis in this research are in the form of words and
phrases which are related to Bahasa Indonesia culture-specific terms into English translated text.
The sources of the data are an Indonesian novel by Ayu Utami entitled Saman and in Pamela Allen entitled Saman
. Ayu Utami‟s Saman is Published by KGP Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia and firstly published in 1998, while
Pamela Allen‟s Saman is published in 2015 and first published in 2015 by KGP.
C. Research Instruments
In this qualitative research, the main instrument was the researcher himself because of his roles as the main data collector, analyzer, and reporter of
the finding in the research. Meanwhile, the secondary instrument was the data sheet from the research. The data sheet was useful to record the data which will be
transferred into a table of analysis.
D. Research Design
In this research, the researcher collected the data using observation and review techniques. In observation, the researcher read and re-read the novel and
also took note of the culture-specific terms expression presented in the novel and then the researcher was taking lists and examined it. After that, the researcher
reviewed some studies related to examine materials, tasks or activities.
E. Techniques of Data Collection
This research used referential technique where the data were gathered from the novel text. The researcher examined the materials based on the particular
theory used and then did four steps to examine the materials. The steps of collecting data were reading and re-reading the novel in order to find out the valid
and relevant data, taking notes of the expressions taken from the text in the novel, identifying the list of cultural expressions in English text, selecting, and
classifying data based on the type of culture-specific terms, classifying the cultural expression data based on foreignization and domestication technique.
