35 After the data were gathered in the table, the researcher summarized and
analyzed them. The type of descriptive statistics was used to summarize and describe the data on central tendency. The central tendency used in this part was
mean Mn. Mean Mn is the average of all points in a distribution. The following pattern is the pattern to calculate the mean Mn:
Σx x
= N
N : Total participants
x : Mean
Σx : The sum of the score
F. Research Procedure
There were five research procedures used in this research. The first step was research and information collecting step. In this step, the researcher identified
the problem exist where there was no English speaking materials based on Ignatian Pedagogy for the students of Theology Study Program of Sanata Dharma
University. Moreover, the researcher also gave limitation to the area of the research and started to formulate the research objectives of the research. After
gathering the data, the researcher reviewed some theories related to the research. The theories would be used as the guidelines for the researcher to do the research.
36 In order to get further data, the researcher distributed questionnaire to the
first semester students of Theology Study Program. In this research, the researcher used cluster sampling and the sampling used is class B.
The second step was planning. Before designing, the researcher identified
the learning goals achieved by the students. After identifying the learning goals, the researcher wrote the learning objectives in each lesson in the designed
materials. After writing the learning objectives, the researcher started making the syllabus. After that, the researcher chose the appropriate teaching and learning
activities for the designed materials. After that, the researcher chose and developed the learning activities
design based on the need analysis gathered. The researcher also referred to the Ignatian Pedagogy. Developing the teaching learning activities, the researcher
interpreted the data gathered by reviewing the related theories of speaking and instructional design.
The fourth step was preliminary field testing. In this step, the researcher evaluated the designed materials by distributing the expert validation
questionnaire to five lecturers of English Language Education Study Program. The purpose was to obtain the feedback and suggestions from the experts to
evaluate the designed materials. The last step was main product revision. After collecting the feedback,
suggestions, and evaluation from the experts, the researcher started to analyze it. Then, the researcher started to revise and improve the designed learning materials.
Finally, the researcher made the final product of the speaking designed materials.
