32 suggestions to improve the designed materials. There were two parts in the
questionnaire. The first part was close form items consisting of some statements and the participants were asked to express their opinion in scales 1 – 5. The
second part was the open form items consisting of some questions. This part was expected to elicit the experts’ opinion about the designed materials. The feedback,
suggestions, and evaluation were used to improve the designed materials.
2. Interview
According to DeMarais 2004 as cited by Merriam 2009, p. 87 an interview is a process in which a researcher and participant engage in a
conversation focused on questions related to a research study. Based on the degree of structuring interviews can be divided into three categories: structured
interviews, semi-structured interviews and unstructured interviews. In this research, the researcher did unstructured interview which was done informally.
The researcher interviewed the English lecturer who was in charge of teaching English the students of the Theology Study Program batch 2012 class B. The
researcher used interview to enrich the data gathered by the questionnaire. The interview was about the students’ characteristics, students’ condition, students’
difficulties, the students’ vocabulary, and the students’ learning styles.
D. Data Gathering Techniques
In order to collect the data needed, the researcher took some techniques. The first technique was conducted in the research and information collecting step.
In this step, the researcher obtained the data needed by distributing the questionnaire to the participants. In this research, the participants of the research
33 and information collecting were the first semester students class B of Theology
Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and the purpose was to obtain the data on learners’ lacks, needs, and expectations.
The second technique was conducted in the preliminary field testing step. In this step, the researcher distributed the questionnaire to five lecturers of English
Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The purpose was to obtain the experts’ feedback, evaluation, and suggestion on the designed
materials. From the experts’ feedback, evaluation, and suggestion, the researcher could revise and improve the designed materials.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
There are two techniques used by the researcher to analyze the data gathered. They are the data analysis technique of the research and information
collecting survey and the data analysis technique on the preliminary field testing.
1. Data Analysis Technique of the Research and Information Collecting
After gathering the data from the questionnaire, the researcher analyzed it. The researcher calculated and made it into the percentage. Below is the formula
used by the researcher:
x x 100
Σx x : the number of the participants who choose the option
Σx : the total of the participants
