33 and information collecting were the first semester students class B of Theology
Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and the purpose was to obtain the data on learners’ lacks, needs, and expectations.
The second technique was conducted in the preliminary field testing step. In this step, the researcher distributed the questionnaire to five lecturers of English
Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The purpose was to obtain the experts’ feedback, evaluation, and suggestion on the designed
materials. From the experts’ feedback, evaluation, and suggestion, the researcher could revise and improve the designed materials.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
There are two techniques used by the researcher to analyze the data gathered. They are the data analysis technique of the research and information
collecting survey and the data analysis technique on the preliminary field testing.
1. Data Analysis Technique of the Research and Information Collecting
After gathering the data from the questionnaire, the researcher analyzed it. The researcher calculated and made it into the percentage. Below is the formula
used by the researcher:
x x 100
Σx x : the number of the participants who choose the option
Σx : the total of the participants
34
2. Data Analysis Technique on the Preliminary Field Testing
The researcher also distributed the questionnaire to five lecturers of English Language Education Study Program in order to obtain their feedback,
suggestions, and evaluation. For the questionnaire, there are two parts. In the first part, the participants were asked to express their opinion towards the designed
materials which were helped by some statements. In this research, the researcher used the Likert’s scale to evaluate the designed materials. The Likert scale was a
scale with a number of points, usually five, that represent a set of related responses, one for each point Sprinthal et. al., 1991, pp. 114-115. In this
research, the researcher used five options of agreement based on Likert’s scale in the questionnaire and the participants chose one of the points of agreement. There
were five points of agreement in this research. They were 1 Strongly Disagree, 2 Disagree, 3 Doubt, 4 Agree, and 5 Strongly Agree. The second part is in
the form of open question, so that the lecturers can give more feedback and evaluation on the designed materials. The table below describes the participants’
evaluation and feedback.
Table 3.2 the Participants’ Evaluation of the Designed Materials
No. Participants’ Opinion Frequency of the
points of Agreement Central Tendency
1 2
3 4
5 N
M
