E. Techniques of Data Collection
The data in this research consist of qualitative and quantitative data. The data were in the form of opinions, suggestions, comments, and
expectations from the research members. The qualitative data were field notes, interview transcripts and observation sheets during the actions. On the
other hand, the result of the reading comprehension test was the quantitative data. In collecting the data, there are three techniques as discussed below :
a. Interview
Some interviews were conducted to the English teacher as the collaborator and the students of class VIIIH during the research.
b. Classroom observation
The classroom observation was done during the research whether before the action, during the action or after the action. It was done to know the
teaching and learning process in class VIIIH and students’ progress in
reading comprehension during the implementation of CIRC technique done by the researcher.
c. Conducting a reading comprehension test
Reading comprehension test was done as a part of monitoring sequences. The data were in the form of score transcript. The reading comprehension
tests were conducted to test and evaluate students’ reading
comprehension. The result of the tests were used as supporting data. From the result of the test, the researcher was able to know the progress of
students’ reading during the implementation of CIRC in the teaching and learning process.
F. Technique of Data Analysis
The data were acquired from the actions conducted in the field. First, the data were gained from interview transcripts, field notes, and the
students’ reading test to know whether there is an improvement or not after the actions
done. Then, the data were analyzed. The triangulation was used to avoid
subjectivity and to get trustworthiness. It was done by doing interviews with the collaborator.
G. Validity and Reliability
This research used five criteria of validities proposed by Anderson in Burns 1999: 161-162 to get the validity of the data. They were explained in
the following explanation. 1.
Burns 1999:161 stated that democratic validity is to ensure that the research is really collaborative also respects and accepts multiple views. It could be
performed by interviewing the students and the collaborator to get their thought and suggestions of the actions. The researcher used the interview
transcript in each meeting to evaluate and make improvement in the next meeting.
2. The outcome validity is related to the outcome of the research which is
“successful” in the researcher’s view Burns, 1999:162. In this research, this validity was fulfilled by conducting reading comprehension test after the
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