Saran Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut tentang:

5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN Dari hasil dan bahasan penelitian dapat dibuat simpulan dan saran sebagai berikut:

5.1 Simpulan

- Kadar florotanin S. echinocarpum yang terkandung dalam ekstrak berkisar 4,25 – 12,16 mg floroglusinolg ekstrak S. echinocarpum. Ekstrak metanol mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat. Senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak metanol S. echinocarpum adalah floroglusinol dan bifuhalol. - Ekstrak metanol S. echinocarpum tergolong relatif tidak toksik dan aman dikonsumsi pada dosis 625 mgkg BB atau kurang. - Ekstrak metanol S. echinocarpum dapat memberikan efek hipoglikemik, penurun kadar lipid peroksida serum, peningkat aktivitas ekstra selular superoksida dismutase, katalase, dan glutation peroksidase serum serta profil kandungan Cu,Zn-SOD ginjal dan hati pada tikus diabetes melitus. - Ekstrak metanol S. echinocarpum dapat meningkatkan vasorelaksasi, sensitivitas muskarinik reseptor sel endotelium, dan rasio sel endotelium aorta tikus diabetes melitus.

5.2 Saran Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut tentang:

- Ketersediaan bioavailability ekstrak metanol S. echinocarpum, floroglusinol, dan bifuhalol. - Toksikokinetik dan toksikodinamik ekstrak metanol S. echinocarpum, floroglusinol, dan bifuhalol. - Pemanfaatan ekstrak metanol S. echinocarpum, floroglusinol, dan bifuhalol sebagai komponen pangan fungsional. 105 LAMPIRAN 106 107 Lampiran 1 Sertifikat hasil identifikasi rumput laut coklat 108 Lampiran 2 Rendemen ekstraksi Data berat sampel dan berat ekstrak Perlakuan Berat sampel gram 1 2 3 Etanol Metanol Aseton 70 Etanol 80 Metanol 80 Akuades 15,28 20,15 17,88 18,75 18,66 18,24 19,75 21,55 18,65 19,54 18,78 19,42 20,65 19,98 19,04 19,23 19,65 17,86 22,01 20,05 18,56 18,99 19,43 17,23 18,97 19,89 18,42 20,21 19,87 16,98 19,65 20,21 17,56 18,93 18,68 19,56 Perlakuan Berat ekstrak gram 1 2 3 Etanol Metanol Aseton 70 Etanol 80 Metanol 80 Akuades 0,4523 0,9894 1,5985 1,2075 1,3752 4,3448 0,5846 1,0581 1,6673 1,2584 1,3841 4,6258 0,6422 0,9650 1,7041 1,2442 1,4423 4,4436 0,6845 0,9684 1,6611 1,2287 1,4262 4,2868 0,5843 0,9388 1,6394 1,3258 1,4823 4,0786 0,6052 0,9539 1,5628 1,2418 1,3935 4,6983 Data rendemen ekstrak rumput laut coklat S. echinocarpum Perlakuan Ulangan Rerata I II III Etanol Metanol Aseton 70 Etanol 80 Metanol 80 Akuades 2,96 4,91 8,94 6,44 7,37 23,82 3,11 4,83 8,95 6,47 7,34 24,88 3,08 4,72 8,90 6,56 7,46 24,02 3,05 4,82 8,93 6,49 7,39 24,24 Analisis keragaman pengaruh pelarut terhadap rendemen Descriptives Rendemen N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 3 3.050000E0 .0793725 .0458258 2.852828 3.247172 2.9600 3.1100 2 3 4.820000E0 .0953939 .0550757 4.583028 5.056972 4.7200 4.9100 3 3 8.930000E0 .0264575 .0152753 8.864276 8.995724 8.9000 8.9500 4 3 6.490000E0 .0624500 .0360555 6.334866 6.645134 6.4400 6.5600 5 3 7.390000E0 .0624500 .0360555 7.234866 7.545134 7.3400 7.4600 6 3 2.424000E1 .5632051 .3251666 22.840921 25.639079 23.8200 24.8800 Total 18 9.153333E0 7.2043606 1.6980841E0 5.570689 12.735978 2.9600 24.8800 ANOVA Rendemen Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 881.666 5 176.333 3.102E3 .000 Within Groups .682 12 .057 Total 882.348 17 109 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Rendemen LSD I Pelarut J Pelarut Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Etanol Metanol -1.77000 .19468 .000 -2.3647 -1.1753 Aseton 70 -3.44000 .19468 .000 -4.0347 -2.8453 Etanol 80 -4.34000 .19468 .000 -4.9347 -3.7453 Metanol 80 -5.88000 .19468 .000 -6.4747 -5.2853 Akuades -21.19000 .19468 .000 -21.7847 -20.5953 Metanol Etanol 1.77000 .19468 .000 1.1753 2.3647 Aseton 70 -1.67000 .19468 .000 -2.2647 -1.0753 Etanol 80 -2.57000 .19468 .000 -3.1647 -1.9753 Metanol 80 -4.11000 .19468 .000 -4.7047 -3.5153 Akuades -19.42000 .19468 .000 -20.0147 -18.8253 Aseton 70 Etanol 3.44000 .19468 .000 2.8453 4.0347 Metanol 1.67000 .19468 .000 1.0753 2.2647 Etanol 80 -.90000 .19468 .001 -1.4947 -.3053 Metanol 80 -2.44000 .19468 .000 -3.0347 -1.8453 Akuades -17.75000 .19468 .000 -18.3447 -17.1553 Etanol 80 Etanol 4.34000 .19468 .000 3.7453 4.9347 Metanol 2.57000 .19468 .000 1.9753 3.1647 Aseton 70 .90000 .19468 .001 .3053 1.4947 Metanol 80 -1.54000 .19468 .000 -2.1347 -.9453 Akuades -16.85000 .19468 .000 -17.4447 -16.2553 Metanol 80 Etanol 5.88000 .19468 .000 5.2853 6.4747 Metanol 4.11000 .19468 .000 3.5153 4.7047 Aseton 70 2.44000 .19468 .000 1.8453 3.0347 Etanol 80 1.54000 .19468 .000 .9453 2.1347 Akuades -15.31000 .19468 .000 -15.9047 -14.7153 Akuades Etanol 21.19000 .19468 .000 20.5953 21.7847 Metanol 19.42000 .19468 .000 18.8253 20.0147 Aseton 70 17.75000 .19468 .000 17.1553 18.3447 Etanol 80 16.85000 .19468 .000 16.2553 17.4447 Metanol 80 15.31000 .19468 .000 14.7153 15.9047 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 110 y = 0.1044x - 0.1517 R 2 = 0.9702 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Floroglusinol ppm A bs o rba ns i Lampiran 3 Kadar florotanin Data pengamatan absorbansi floroglusinol Konsentrasi ppm 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Absorbansi 0,034 0,039 0,100 0,094 0,136 0,142 0,196 0,192 0,291 0,276 0,465 0,471 0,582 0,572 0,652 0,652 0,823 0,835 0,940 0,955 Persamaan hubungan linier antara konsentrasi floroglusinol dan absorbansi Data serapan ekstrak S. echinocarpum Perlakuan Ulangan I II III Etanol Metanol Aseton 70 Etanol 80 Metanol 80 Akuades 0,063 0,064 0,218 0,209 0,266 0,264 0,470 0,480 0,256 0,256 0,425 0,415 0,075 0,078 0,187 0,194 0,264 0,268 0,496 0,489 0,244 0,248 0,409 0,409 0,070 0,072 0,198 0,199 0,265 0,266 0,485 0,480 0,250 0,252 0,410 0,415 Data kadar florotanin ekstrak S. echinocarpum yang terlarut dalam berbagai pelarut. Perlakuan Florotanin eq mg floroglusinol g ekstrak Rerata I II III Etanol Metanol Aseton 70 Etanol 80 Metanol 80 Akuades 4,1130 4,1322 7,0824 6,9099 11,9099 12,1015 7,8103 7,8103 8,0019 7,9636 11,0479 10,8563 4,3429 4,4004 6,4885 6,6226 12,4081 12,2739 7,5805 7,6571 7,9636 8,0402 10,7414 10,7414 4,2471 4,2854 6,6992 6,7184 12,1973 12,1015 7,6954 7,7337 7,9828 8,0019 10,7605 10,8563 4,2535 6,7535 12,1654 7,7146 7,9923 10,8339 111 Analisis keragaman pengaruh pelarut terhadap kandungan florotanin Descriptives Florotanin N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 6 4.253500E0 .1140916 .0465777 4.133768 4.373232 4.1130 4.4004 2 6 6.753500E0 .2117435 .0864439 6.531289 6.975711 6.4885 7.0824 3 6 1.216537E1 .1703759 .0695557 11.986568 12.344165 11.9099 12.4081 4 6 7.714550E0 .0898215 .0366695 7.620288 7.808812 7.5805 7.8103 5 6 7.992333E0 .0290391 .0118552 7.961859 8.022808 7.9636 8.0402 6 6 1.083397E1 .1177281 .0480623 10.710419 10.957515 10.7414 11.0479 Total 36 8.285536E0 2.6399806 .4399968 7.392295 9.178777 4.1130 12.4081 ANOVA Florotanin Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 243.384 5 48.677 2.664E3 .000 Within Groups .548 30 .018 Total 243.932 35 112 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Florotanin LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Etanol Metanol -2.5000000 .0780496 .000 -2.714636 -2.285364 Aseton 70 -7.9118667 .0780496 .000 -8.126503 -7.697231 Etanol 80 -3.4610500 .0780496 .000 -3.675686 -3.246414 Metanol 80 -3.7388333 .0780496 .000 -3.953469 -3.524197 Akuades -6.5804667 .0780496 .000 -6.795103 -6.365831 Metanol Etanol 2.5000000 .0780496 .000 2.285364 2.714636 Aseton 70 -5.4118667 .0780496 .000 -5.626503 -5.197231 Etanol 80 -.9610500 .0780496 .000 -1.175686 -.746414 Metanol 80 -1.2388333 .0780496 .000 -1.453469 -1.024197 Akuades -4.0804667 .0780496 .000 -4.295103 -3.865831 Aseton 70 Etanol 7.9118667 .0780496 .000 7.697231 8.126503 Metanol 5.4118667 .0780496 .000 5.197231 5.626503 Etanol 80 4.4508167 .0780496 .000 4.236181 4.665453 Metanol 80 4.1730333 .0780496 .000 3.958397 4.387669 Akuades 1.3314000 .0780496 .000 1.116764 1.546036 Etanol 80 Etanol 3.4610500 .0780496 .000 3.246414 3.675686 Metanol .9610500 .0780496 .000 .746414 1.175686 Aseton 70 -4.4508167 .0780496 .000 -4.665453 -4.236181 Metanol 80 -.2777833 .0780496 .001 -.492419 -.063147 Akuades -3.1194167 .0780496 .000 -3.334053 -2.904781 Metanol 80 Etanol 3.7388333 .0780496 .000 3.524197 3.953469 Metanol 1.2388333 .0780496 .000 1.024197 1.453469 Aseton 70 -4.1730333 .0780496 .000 -4.387669 -3.958397 Etanol 80 .2777833 .0780496 .001 .063147 .492419 Akuades -2.8416333 .0780496 .000 -3.056269 -2.626997 Akuades Etanol 6.5804667 .0780496 .000 6.365831 6.795103 Metanol 4.0804667 .0780496 .000 3.865831 4.295103 Aseton 70 -1.3314000 .0780496 .000 -1.546036 -1.116764 Etanol 80 3.1194167 .0780496 .000 2.904781 3.334053 Metanol 80 2.8416333 .0780496 .000 2.626997 3.056269 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 113 Lampiran 4 Aktivitas antioksidan Data serapan reduksi DPPH menit ke- oleh ekstrak S. echinocarpum Dosis ppm Ekstrak I II III 30 30 30 1000 Etanol 0,265 0,255 0,160 0,170 0,260 0,255 0,165 0,169 0,265 0,261 0,168 0,160 Metanol 1,200 1,300 0,405 0,400 1,400 1,300 0,400 0,400 1,200 1,000 0,400 0,365 Aseton 70 0,520 0,525 0,380 0,380 0,530 0,525 0,380 0,385 0,520 0,520 0,378 0,380 Etanol 80 1,800 1,800 1,300 1,350 1,760 1,760 1,300 1,350 1,800 1,800 1,300 1,280 Metanol 80 0,140 0,235 0,065 0,145 0,140 0,200 0,056 0,150 0,140 0,240 0,065 0,150 Akuades 0,490 0,485 0,395 0,385 0,490 0,480 0,395 0,385 0,490 0,490 0,385 0,385 Tokoferol 0,520 0,505 0,340 0,350 0,590 0,560 0,340 0,360 0,550 0,530 0,340 0,320 500 Etanol 0,320 0,320 0,235 0,215 0,320 0,320 0,240 0,230 0,320 0,320 0,226 0,228 Metanol 1,200 1,150 0,505 0,461 1,150 1,200 0,460 0,440 1.200 1.150 0.498 0.500 Aseton 70 0,640 0,520 0,458 0,472 0,600 0,560 0,472 0,462 0,620 0,540 0,472 0,470 Etanol 80 1,600 1,560 1,320 1,280 1,560 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,600 1,560 1,300 1,240 Metanol 80 0,220 0,200 0,140 0,130 0,220 0,200 0,140 0,150 0,220 0,200 0,136 0,134 Akuades 0,620 0,600 0,546 0,526 0,620 0,600 0,539 0,539 0,620 0,600 0,540 0,524 Tokoferol 0,490 0,470 0,350 0,370 0,490 0,470 0,336 0,332 0,482 0,478 0,340 0,330 200 Etanol 0,315 0,320 0,240 0,224 0,316 0,320 0,252 0,244 0,315 0,321 0,240 0,236 Metanol 1,320 1,260 0,605 0,561 1,300 1,280 0,560 0,552 1,280 1,300 0,591 0,601 Aseton 70 0,680 0,620 0,530 0,555 0,660 0,640 0,549 0,547 0,660 0,640 0,547 0,543 Etanol 80 1,500 1,520 1,313 1,280 1,520 1,500 1,295 1,299 1,500 1,520 1,280 1,272 Metanol 80 0,620 0,580 0,410 0,410 0,620 0,580 0,450 0,430 0,600 0,600 0,420 0,400 Akuades 0,470 0,450 0,430 0,414 0,470 0,450 0,426 0,422 0,460 0,460 0,430 0,410 Tokoferol 0,560 0,550 0,410 0,460 0,560 0,550 0,400 0,410 0,560 0,550 0,402 0,408 100 Etanol 0,245 0,250 0,180 0,185 0,246 0,250 0,198 0,194 0,246 0,250 0,190 0,186 Metanol 1,200 1,300 0,620 0,550 1,200 1,300 0,558 0,554 1,300 1,200 0,600 0,580 Aseton 70 0,520 0,510 0,438 0,432 0,510 0,520 0,439 0,439 0,520 0,510 0,433 0,439 Etanol 80 0,600 0,600 0,530 0,510 0,620 0,580 0,522 0,522 0,620 0,580 0,516 0,508 Metanol 80 0,235 0,220 0,160 0,158 0,226 0,230 0,166 0,172 0,230 0,226 0,160 0,154 Akuades 0,505 0,510 0,481 0,461 0,510 0,506 0,477 0,469 0,507 0,509 0,467 0,469 Tokoferol 0,550 0,530 0,410 0,448 0,540 0,540 0,406 0,396 0,540 0,540 0,404 0,400 114 Data IC 50 Ekstrak ppm ekstrak S. echinocarpum I II III Etanol 1122 1343 1147 Metanol 186,9 161,2 201,2 Aseton 70 2069 2103 2137 Etanol 80 2310 2439 2050 Metanol 80 781,6 1035 787,3 Akuades 3616 3764 3347 Tokoferol 1481 1048 1059 Data AAST mg100 mg ekstrak S. echinocarpum Ekstrak I II III Etanol 131,9964 78,0342 92,3278 Metanol 792,4024 650,1241 526,3419 Aseton 70 71,5805 49,8336 49,5554 Etanol 80 64,1126 42,9684 51,6585 Metanol 80 189,4831 101,2560 134,5104 Akuades 40,9569 27,8427 31,6403 Analisis keragaman aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak S. echinocarpum Descriptives Ekstrak N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 3 1.007862E2 27.9577739 1.6141428E1 31.335205 170.237127 78.0343 131.9964 2 3 6.562895E2 133.1373122 7.6866863E1 325.558039 987.020875 526.3419 792.4024 3 3 5.698983E1 12.6366314 7.2957625E0 25.598699 88.380965 49.5555 71.5805 4 3 5.291317E1 10.6277507 6.1359347E0 26.512377 79.313970 42.9684 64.1126 5 3 1.417498E2 44.5568365 2.5724902E1 31.064516 252.435152 101.2560 189.4831 6 3 3.347995E1 6.7478486 3.8958722E0 16.717366 50.242536 27.8427 40.9569 Total 18 1.737014E2 230.4634642 5.4320759E1 59.094618 288.308187 27.8427 792.4024 ANOVA Ekstrak Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 861306.622 5 172261.324 49.665 .000 Within Groups 41621.319 12 3468.443 Total 902927.942 17 115 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Ekstrak LSD I AAST J AAST Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Etanol Metanol -5.5550329E2 4.8086334E1 .000 -702.384902 -408.621680 Aseton 70 43.7963340 4.8086334E1 .380 -103.085277 190.677945 Etanol 80 47.8729926 4.8086334E1 .339 -99.008618 194.754604 Metanol 80 -40.9636679 4.8086334E1 .411 -187.845279 105.917943 Akuades 67.3062148 4.8086334E1 .187 -79.575396 214.187826 Metanol Etanol 555.5032912 4.8086334E1 .000 408.621680 702.384902 Aseton 70 599.2996252 4.8086334E1 .000 452.418014 746.181236 Etanol 80 603.3762839 4.8086334E1 .000 456.494673 750.257895 Metanol 80 514.5396233 4.8086334E1 .000 367.658012 661.421234 Akuades 622.8095061 4.8086334E1 .000 475.927895 769.691117 Aseton 70 Etanol -43.7963340 4.8086334E1 .380 -190.677945 103.085277 Metanol -5.9929963E2 4.8086334E1 .000 -746.181236 -452.418014 Etanol 80 4.0766586 4.8086334E1 .934 -142.804952 150.958270 Metanol 80 -84.7600019 4.8086334E1 .103 -231.641613 62.121609 Akuades 23.5098808 4.8086334E1 .634 -123.371730 170.391492 Etanol 80 Etanol -47.8729926 4.8086334E1 .339 -194.754604 99.008618 Metanol -6.0337628E2 4.8086334E1 .000 -750.257895 -456.494673 Aseton 70 -4.0766586 4.8086334E1 .934 -150.958270 142.804952 Metanol 80 -88.8366605 4.8086334E1 .089 -235.718272 58.044951 Akuades 19.4332222 4.8086334E1 .693 -127.448389 166.314833 Metanol 80 Etanol 40.9636679 4.8086334E1 .411 -105.917943 187.845279 Metanol -5.1453962E2 4.8086334E1 .000 -661.421234 -367.658012 Aseton 70 84.7600019 4.8086334E1 .103 -62.121609 231.641613 Etanol 80 88.8366605 4.8086334E1 .089 -58.044951 235.718272 Akuades 108.2698827 4.8086334E1 .044 -38.611728 255.151494 Akuades Etanol -67.3062148 4.8086334E1 .187 -214.187826 79.575396 Metanol -6.2280951E2 4.8086334E1 .000 -769.691117 -475.927895 Aseton 70 -23.5098808 4.8086334E1 .634 -170.391492 123.371730 Etanol 80 -19.4332222 4.8086334E1 .693 -166.314833 127.448389 Metanol 80 -108.2698827 4.8086334E1 .044 -255.151494 38.611728 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 116 Lampiran 5 Keterangan kelaikan etik penelitian 117 Lampiran 6 Berat badan uji toksisitas Data pengamatan berat badan gram mencit BALBc selama 14 hari Dosis Jenis kelamin Ulangan Hari ke- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 mgkg Jantan 1 19,23 19,34 19,51 19,72 19,88 20,02 20,26 20,54 20,88 21,05 21,35 21,57 21,69 21,87 2 19,03 19,24 19,35 19,46 19,68 19,88 20,08 20,22 20,33 20,48 20,52 20,60 20,67 20,92 3 18,23 18,64 18,80 18,91 19,14 19,71 19,87 20,18 20,28 20,29 20,30 20,89 21,10 21,39 Betina 1 22,30 22,94 23,24 23,57 23,83 24,13 24,33 24,63 24,82 25,15 25,35 25,51 25,71 25,89 2 26,52 26,68 26,97 27,29 27,51 27,88 28,11 28,33 28,67 28,98 29,13 29,37 29,51 29,72 3 20,15 21,23 21,54 21,81 22,11 22,34 22,59 22,83 23,12 23,25 23,42 23,61 23,78 23,92 625 mgkg Jantan 1 23,63 23,65 23,71 23,82 24,14 24,27 24,39 24,56 24,71 24,91 25,15 25,33 25,54 25,77 2 24,57 24,78 25,08 25,15 25,27 25,37 25,47 25,65 25,78 25,88 26,12 26,25 26,41 26,52 3 22,32 22,53 22,63 23,31 23,36 23,56 23,77 23,81 24,01 24,28 24,53 24,62 24,93 25,27 Betina 1 22,94 23,06 23,17 23,28 23,48 23,71 23,88 24,12 24,36 24,55 24,79 25,01 25,29 25,59 2 17,53 17,66 17,81 18,01 18,15 18,27 18,49 18,68 18,86 19,16 19,38 19,52 19,71 19,87 3 25,14 25,19 25,27 25,43 25,58 25,72 25,85 25,97 26,19 26,37 26,64 26,96 27,22 27,55 1250 mgkg Jantan 1 20,86 20,66 20,69 20,76 20,94 21,12 21,21 21,49 21,64 21,78 21,93 22,17 22,35 22,47 2 23,29 23,09 23,31 23,43 23,51 23,65 23,81 23,92 24,07 24,15 24,27 24,39 24,48 24,56 3 25,39 24,89 24,92 25,09 25,23 25,35 25,48 25,56 25,67 25,75 25,87 25,99 26,18 26,35 Betina 1 22,91 22,87 23,01 23,08 23,12 23,16 23,23 23,39 23,51 23,62 23,75 23,82 23,98 24,11 2 22,27 22,15 22,37 22,57 22,91 23,07 23,21 23,38 23,59 23,71 23,87 24,05 24,35 24,58 3 22,28 22,07 22,16 22,45 22,63 22,82 23,02 23,22 23,49 23,65 23,85 24,09 24,23 24,43 2500 mgkg Jantan 1 24,87 24,53 24,34 24,19 24,02 24,08 24,11 24,19 24,25 24,31 24,54 24,72 24,89 25,19 2 28,31 28,23 28,16 27,94 28,07 28,09 28,17 28,26 28,34 28,41 28,51 28,63 28,79 28,89 3 27,83 27,76 27,57 27,45 27,54 27,63 27,68 27,74 27,79 27,88 27,94 28,05 28,11 28,26 Betina 1 24,09 23,87 23,93 24,01 24,17 24,36 24,54 23,71 23,85 24,09 24,19 24,26 24,31 24,49 2 28,05 27,98 28,02 28,14 28,25 28,31 28,38 28,46 28,52 28,66 28,85 28,91 29,06 29,17 3 23,59 23,48 23,38 23,36 23,38 23,43 23,48 23,52 23,59 23,61 23,64 23,67 23,71 23,76 5000 mgkg Jantan 1 27,30 27,18 26,98 26,78 26,64 26,61 26,67 26,86 26,93 27,03 27,14 27,21 27,28 27,35 2 27,63 27,46 27,34 27,17 27,05 27,13 27,22 27,32 27,36 27,47 27,54 27,63 27,69 27,78 3 25,80 25,54 25,31 25,11 24,98 24,93 25,04 25,13 25,16 25,22 25,29 25,48 25,61 25,92 Betina 1 25,00 24,82 24,56 24,36 24,16 23,98 23,71 24,04 24,54 24,65 24,87 24,97 25,07 25,19 2 22,14 21,79 21,65 21,67 21,67 21,67 21,85 21,89 21,94 22,01 22,14 22,28 22,31 22,41 3 25,57 25,47 25,40 25,36 25,28 25,17 25,35 25,55 26,02 26,10 26,16 25,58 25,67 25,73 Rerata data pengamatan berat badan mencit Dosis Hari ke- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0 mgkg 20,91 21,35 21,57 21,79 22,03 22,33 22,54 22,79 23,02 23,20 23,35 23,59 23,74 23,95 625 mgkg 22,69 22,81 22,95 23,17 23,33 23,48 23,64 23,79 23,99 24,19 24,44 24,62 24,85 25,09 1250 mgkg 22,83 22,62 22,74 22,89 23,06 23,19 23,33 23,49 23,66 23,78 23,92 24,09 24,26 24,42 2500 mgkg 26,12 25,98 25,90 25,85 25,91 25,98 26,06 25,98 26,06 26,16 26,28 26,37 26,48 26,63 5000 mgkg 25,57 25,34 25,09 24,96 24,49 24,29 24,29 25,13 25,42 25,91 26,22 26,46 26,64 26,95 Analisis keragaman kenaikan berat badan mencit pada akhir masa uji Descriptives BB N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound 0 mgkg BB 6 14.64483 3.33377 1.36100 11.146249 18.143417 9.9317 18.7097 625 mgkg BB 6 10.78273 2.26331 .92399 8.407529 13.157930 7.9365 13.3485 1250 mgkg BB 6 7.03543 2.63687 1.07649 4.268210 9.802663 3.7810 10.3727 2500 mgkg BB 6 1.87574 1.12686 .46003 .693180 3.058315 .7206 3.9929 5000 mgkg BB 6 .63273 .34607 .14128 .269547 .995919 .1832 1.2195 Total 30 6.99429 5.75421 1.05057 4.845637 9.142955 .1832 18.7097 ANOVA BB Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 837.322 4 209.330 42.583 .000 Within Groups 122.897 25 4.916 Total 960.219 29 118 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons BB LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound 0 mgkg BB 625 mgkg BB 3.8621039 1.2800866E0 .006 .293945 7.430263 1250 mgkg BB 7.6093967 1.2800866E0 .000 4.041238 11.177556 2500 mgkg BB 12.7690853 1.2800866E0 .000 9.200926 16.337244 5000 mgkg BB 14.0120996 1.2800866E0 .000 10.443941 17.580259 625 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB -3.8621039 1.2800866E0 .006 -7.430263 -.293945 1250 mgkg BB 3.7472929 1.2800866E0 .007 .179134 7.315452 2500 mgkg BB 8.9069814 1.2800866E0 .000 5.338822 12.475141 5000 mgkg BB 10.1499958 1.2800866E0 .000 6.581837 13.718155 1250 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB -7.6093967 1.2800866E0 .000 -11.177556 -4.041238 625 mgkg BB -3.7472929 1.2800866E0 .007 -7.315452 -.179134 2500 mgkg BB 5.1596885 1.2800866E0 .000 1.591529 8.727848 5000 mgkg BB 6.4027029 1.2800866E0 .000 2.834544 9.970862 2500 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB -12.7690853 1.2800866E0 .000 -16.337244 -9.200926 625 mgkg BB -8.9069814 1.2800866E0 .000 -12.475141 -5.338822 1250 mgkg BB -5.1596885 1.2800866E0 .000 -8.727848 -1.591529 5000 mgkg BB 1.2430144 1.2800866E0 .341 -2.325145 4.811173 5000 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB -14.0120996 1.2800866E0 .000 -17.580259 -10.443941 625 mgkg BB -10.1499958 1.2800866E0 .000 -13.718155 -6.581837 1250 mgkg BB -6.4027029 1.2800866E0 .000 -9.970862 -2.834544 2500 mgkg BB -1.2430144 1.2800866E0 .341 -4.811173 2.325145 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 119 Lampiran 7 Histopatologis hati dan ginjal Data pengamatan skor histologis hati Perlakuan 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 mgkg BB 1 1 0,5 0,5 0,5 625 mgkg BB 1 1,5 1,5 1 1 1250 mgkg BB 1,5 2 1,5 1,5 1,5 1 2500 mgkg BB 2,5 2 2,5 1,67 2 1,67 5000 mgkg BB 2 2 2,33 2 2 2,33 Descriptives Hati N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound 0 mgkg BB 6 .5833 .37639 .15366 .1883 .9783 .00 1.00 625 mgkg BB 6 1.0000 .54772 .22361 .4252 1.5748 .00 1.50 1250 mgkg BB 6 1.5000 .31623 .12910 1.1681 1.8319 1.00 2.00 2500 mgkg BB 6 2.0556 .37514 .15315 1.6619 2.4493 1.67 2.50 5000 mgkg BB 6 2.1111 .17212 .07027 1.9305 2.2917 2.00 2.33 Total 30 1.4500 .69776 .12739 1.1895 1.7105 .00 2.50 ANOVA Hati Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 10.559 4 2.640 18.537 .000 Within Groups 3.560 25 .142 Total 14.119 29 120 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Hati LSD I Dosis J Dosis Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound 0 mgkg BB 625 mgkg BB -.41667 .21787 .067 -1.0240 .1906 1250 mgkg BB -.91667 .21787 .000 -1.5240 -.3094 2500 mgkg BB -1.47223 .21787 .000 -2.0795 -.8649 5000 mgkg BB -1.52777 .21787 .000 -2.1351 -.9205 625 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB .41667 .21787 .067 -.1906 1.0240 1250 mgkg BB -.50000 .21787 .030 -1.1073 .1073 2500 mgkg BB -1.05557 .21787 .000 -1.6629 -.4483 5000 mgkg BB -1.11110 .21787 .000 -1.7184 -.5038 1250 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB .91667 .21787 .000 .3094 1.5240 625 mgkg BB .50000 .21787 .030 -.1073 1.1073 2500 mgkg BB -.55557 .21787 .017 -1.1629 .0517 5000 mgkg BB -.61110 .21787 .010 -1.2184 -.0038 2500 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB 1.47223 .21787 .000 .8649 2.0795 625 mgkg BB 1.05557 .21787 .000 .4483 1.6629 1250 mgkg BB .55557 .21787 .017 -.0517 1.1629 5000 mgkg BB -.05553 .21787 .801 -.6628 .5518 5000 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB 1.52777 .21787 .000 .9205 2.1351 625 mgkg BB 1.11110 .21787 .000 .5038 1.7184 1250 mgkg BB .61110 .21787 .010 .0038 1.2184 2500 mgkg BB .05553 .21787 .801 -.5518 .6628 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 121 Data pengamatan skor histologis ginjal Perlakuan 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 mgkg BB 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,4 625 mgkg BB 0,4 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,4 0,4 1250 mgkg BB 1,6 1,4 1,6 1,6 2 1,4 2500 mgkg BB 1,8 2,2 2 2 2 2,2 5000 mgkg BB 2,6 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,2 2,4 Descriptives Ginjal N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound 0 mgkg BB 6 .3000 .10954 .04472 .1850 .4150 .20 .40 625 mgkg BB 6 .5333 .10328 .04216 .4249 .6417 .40 .60 1250 mgkg BB 6 1.6000 .21909 .08944 1.3701 1.8299 1.40 2.00 2500 mgkg BB 6 2.0333 .15055 .06146 1.8753 2.1913 1.80 2.20 5000 mgkg BB 6 2.4333 .15055 .06146 2.2753 2.5913 2.20 2.60 Total 30 1.3800 .85879 .15679 1.0593 1.7007 .20 2.60 ANOVA Ginjal Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 20.808 4 5.202 224.224 .000 Within Groups .580 25 .023 Total 21.388 29 122 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Ginjal LSD I Dosis J Dosis Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound 0 mgkg BB 625 mgkg BB -.23333 .08794 .014 -.4785 .0118 1250 mgkg BB -1.30000 .08794 .000 -1.5451 -1.0549 2500 mgkg BB -1.73333 .08794 .000 -1.9785 -1.4882 5000 mgkg BB -2.13333 .08794 .000 -2.3785 -1.8882 625 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB .23333 .08794 .014 -.0118 .4785 1250 mgkg BB -1.06667 .08794 .000 -1.3118 -.8215 2500 mgkg BB -1.50000 .08794 .000 -1.7451 -1.2549 5000 mgkg BB -1.90000 .08794 .000 -2.1451 -1.6549 1250 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB 1.30000 .08794 .000 1.0549 1.5451 625 mgkg BB 1.06667 .08794 .000 .8215 1.3118 2500 mgkg BB -.43333 .08794 .000 -.6785 -.1882 5000 mgkg BB -.83333 .08794 .000 -1.0785 -.5882 2500 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB 1.73333 .08794 .000 1.4882 1.9785 625 mgkg BB 1.50000 .08794 .000 1.2549 1.7451 1250 mgkg BB .43333 .08794 .000 .1882 .6785 5000 mgkg BB -.40000 .08794 .000 -.6451 -.1549 5000 mgkg BB 0 mgkg BB 2.13333 .08794 .000 1.8882 2.3785 625 mgkg BB 1.90000 .08794 .000 1.6549 2.1451 1250 mgkg BB .83333 .08794 .000 .5882 1.0785 2500 mgkg BB .40000 .08794 .000 .1549 .6451 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 123 Lampiran 8 Berat badan uji diabetes Data pengamatan berat badan tikus percobaan selama masa penelitian Perlk. 2 4 6 8 10 12 Normal-1 125,65 139,66 153,82 169,44 185,02 202,15 218,25 Normal-2 124,74 139,04 155,12 172,32 186,82 204,65 219,56 Normal-3 122,25 137,64 153,12 170,24 185,08 201,74 217,56 Normal-4 127,65 141,98 155,86 169,24 184,26 199,82 220,12 Normal-5 126,98 141,31 157,04 171,68 186,48 203,12 218,48 Normal-6 128,12 142,86 157,91 171,32 186,26 200,12 217,28 DM + S0-1 152,12 147,56 142,15 135,64 122,68 110,62 100,86 DM + S0-2 148,65 144,64 140,22 134,65 121,82 112,12 101,14 DM + S0-3 147,98 143,84 139,24 132,13 121,32 111,89 100,84 DM + S0-4 149,65 145,54 140,06 134,68 120,56 112,45 101,58 DM + S0-5 149,55 145,88 139,78 132,48 120,36 - - DM + S0-6 151,86 146,78 140,34 133,42 - - - DM + S150-1 142,52 137,64 133,23 128,78 123,56 116,68 108,25 DM + S150-2 140,38 135,68 131,28 127,68 121,24 114,48 105,68 DM + S150-3 139,25 137,14 133,12 128,86 122,46 115,64 106,98 DM + S150-4 141,45 137,26 132,82 127,98 121,32 114,84 106,12 DM + S150-5 143,24 138,62 134,26 130,02 123,45 115,12 - DM + S150-6 140,12 135,84 132,84 128,28 122,48 - - DM + S300-1 135,64 132,28 128,78 125,14 121,25 117,65 114,98 DM + S300-2 138,42 135,88 132,82 128,86 123,64 118,45 115,82 DM + S300-3 139,62 137,06 134,64 128,98 125,32 120,84 117,46 DM + S300-4 136,27 133,48 130,84 126,82 122,42 118,62 115,64 DM + S300-5 137,02 134,62 131,82 127,56 123,68 119,86 - DM + S300-6 135,12 132,36 129,78 125,68 121,46 117,78 - DM + S450-1 130,44 128,86 126,62 124,68 125,02 127,32 130,85 DM + S450-2 129,78 128,14 125,82 124,54 123,56 123,46 124,02 DM + S450-3 128,88 127,32 125,78 124,78 125,88 126,92 129,32 DM + S450-4 130,48 128,46 126,28 125,68 124,12 124,62 125,14 DM + S450-5 130,25 128,12 126,34 125,32 123,64 124,08 125,68 DM + S450-6 130,24 127,86 126,02 125,84 123,34 124,22 125,67 Rerata berat badan tikus percobaan selama masa penelitian Perlk. 2 4 6 8 10 12 Normal 125,8983 140,4150 155,4783 177,0670 185,6533 210,9333 218,5417 DM + S0 149,9683 145,7067 140,2983 133,8333 121,3480 111,7700 101,1500 DM + S150 141,1600 137,0300 132,9250 128,6000 122,4183 115,3520 106,7575 DM + S300 137,0150 134,2800 131,4467 127,1733 122,9617 118,8667 115,9750 DM + S450 130,0117 128,1267 126,1433 125,1400 124,2600 125,1033 126,7800 124 Analisis keragaman berat badan g tikus percobaan Perlk. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal 218,25 219,56 217,56 220,12 218,48 217,28 DM + S0 100,86 101,14 100,84 101,58 - - DM + S150 108,25 105,68 106,98 106,12 - - DM + S300 114,98 115,82 117,46 115,64 - - DM + S450 130,85 124,02 129,32 125,14 125,68 125,67 Descriptives BB N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 2.1854E2 1.11108 .45360 217.3757 219.7077 217.28 220.12 DM + S0 4 1.0110E2 .34501 .17251 100.5560 101.6540 100.84 101.58 DM + S150 4 1.0676E2 1.13203 .56601 104.9562 108.5588 105.68 108.25 DM + S300 4 1.1998E2 4.34709 2.17354 113.0578 126.8922 115.82 125.64 DM + S450 6 1.3940E2 1.64694 .67236 137.6683 141.1250 136.94 141.07 Total 24 1.4412E2 46.04483 9.39886 124.6811 163.5672 100.84 220.12 ANOVA BB Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 48682.276 4 12170.569 2.868E3 .000 Within Groups 80.628 19 4.244 Total 48762.904 23 125 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons BB LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 117.43667 1.32972 .000 113.6324 121.2409 DM + S150 111.78417 1.32972 .000 107.9799 115.5884 DM + S300 98.56667 1.32972 .000 94.7624 102.3709 DM + S450 79.14500 1.18934 .000 75.7424 82.5476 DM + S0 Normal -117.43667 1.32972 .000 -121.2409 -113.6324 DM + S150 -5.65250 1.45663 .001 -9.8198 -1.4852 DM + S300 -18.87000 1.45663 .000 -23.0373 -14.7027 DM + S450 -38.29167 1.32972 .000 -42.0959 -34.4874 DM + S150 Normal -111.78417 1.32972 .000 -115.5884 -107.9799 DM + S0 5.65250 1.45663 .001 1.4852 9.8198 DM + S300 -13.21750 1.45663 .000 -17.3848 -9.0502 DM + S450 -32.63917 1.32972 .000 -36.4434 -28.8349 DM + S300 Normal -98.56667 1.32972 .000 -102.3709 -94.7624 DM + S0 18.87000 1.45663 .000 14.7027 23.0373 DM + S150 13.21750 1.45663 .000 9.0502 17.3848 DM + S450 -19.42167 1.32972 .000 -23.2259 -15.6174 DM + S450 Normal -79.14500 1.18934 .000 -82.5476 -75.7424 DM + S0 38.29167 1.32972 .000 34.4874 42.0959 DM + S150 32.63917 1.32972 .000 28.8349 36.4434 DM + S300 19.42167 1.32972 .000 15.6174 23.2259 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 126 Lampiran 9 Glukosa darah Data pengamatan glukosa darah tikus percobaan selama masa penelitian Perlakuan 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 102 98 106 110 101 103 105 2 110 97 101 102 115 98 102 Normal 3 93 105 99 94 104 112 104 4 105 97 106 102 99 106 99 5 94 112 116 99 99 103 117 6 97 100 95 94 100 99 110 1 467 447 401 432 378 465 412 2 498 535 441 449 412 456 446 DM + S0 3 325 421 325 368 340 352 432 4 542 356 439 361 346 419 452 5 512 521 486 479 486 - - 6 562 545 512 541 - - - 1 501 542 432 461 402 378 398 2 521 468 421 432 376 398 381 DM + S150 3 465 478 492 412 403 386 356 4 514 465 478 368 414 364 378 5 496 455 389 376 358 387 - 6 541 478 456 412 421 - - 1 465 492 412 432 365 341 332 2 478 451 364 322 314 331 278 DM + S300 3 489 464 421 442 378 312 304 4 513 475 397 387 332 354 332 5 505 512 465 434 427 414 - 6 521 487 468 416 462 416 - 1 404 565 335 411 464 234 206 2 575 461 375 300 214 248 214 DM + S450 3 507 537 340 360 254 214 235 4 515 361 312 189 201 183 174 5 381 370 305 274 216 198 186 6 361 314 311 314 283 180 161 Analisis keragaman glukosa darah tikus percobaan Descriptives Glukosa N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 106.17 6.432 2.626 99.42 112.92 99 117 DM + S0 4 435.50 17.767 8.884 407.23 463.77 412 452 DM + S150 4 378.25 17.251 8.625 350.80 405.70 356 398 DM + S300 4 311.50 25.942 12.971 270.22 352.78 278 332 DM + S450 6 196.00 27.401 11.186 167.24 224.76 161 235 Total 24 263.08 125.784 25.676 209.97 316.20 99 452 ANOVA Glukosa Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 356078.250 4 89019.562 216.299 .000 Within Groups 7819.583 19 411.557 Total 363897.833 23 127 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Glukosa LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 -329.333 13.095 .000 -366.80 -291.87 DM + S150 -272.083 13.095 .000 -309.55 -234.62 DM + S300 -205.333 13.095 .000 -242.80 -167.87 DM + S450 -89.833 11.713 .000 -123.34 -56.32 DM + S0 Normal 329.333 13.095 .000 291.87 366.80 DM + S150 57.250 14.345 .001 16.21 98.29 DM + S300 124.000 14.345 .000 82.96 165.04 DM + S450 239.500 13.095 .000 202.04 276.96 DM + S150 Normal 272.083 13.095 .000 234.62 309.55 DM + S0 -57.250 14.345 .001 -98.29 -16.21 DM + S300 66.750 14.345 .000 25.71 107.79 DM + S450 182.250 13.095 .000 144.79 219.71 DM + S300 Normal 205.333 13.095 .000 167.87 242.80 DM + S0 -124.000 14.345 .000 -165.04 -82.96 DM + S150 -66.750 14.345 .000 -107.79 -25.71 DM + S450 115.500 13.095 .000 78.04 152.96 DM + S450 Normal 89.833 11.713 .000 56.32 123.34 DM + S0 -239.500 13.095 .000 -276.96 -202.04 DM + S150 -182.250 13.095 .000 -219.71 -144.79 DM + S300 -115.500 13.095 .000 -152.96 -78.04 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 128 Lampiran 10 Hemoglobin A 1 c Data pengamatan HbA 1 Perlakuan c tikus percobaan 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal 5,2857 5,1812 5,2509 5,0767 5,7038 5,4599 DM + S0 15,9826 17,1673 16,6794 17,3763 - - DM + S150 15,4948 14,9024 14,0314 14,7979 - - DM + S300 13,1951 11,3136 12,2195 13,1951 - - DM + S450 8,8049 9,0836 9,8153 7,6899 8,1080 7,2369 Analisis keragaman HbA 1c tikus percobaan Descriptives HbA 1c N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 5.153558E0 .1806655 .0737564 4.963961 5.343155 4.9522 5.4579 DM + S0 4 1.440449E1 .4990733 .2495367 13.610357 15.198631 13.7444 14.8680 DM + S150 4 1.279635E1 .4845675 .2422838 12.025293 13.567403 12.1713 13.3511 DM + S300 4 1.092135E1 .7287147 .3643574 9.761801 12.080896 9.9803 11.4972 DM + S450 6 7.676966E0 .7696834 .3142219 6.869233 8.484700 6.6938 8.7725 Total 24 9.561330E0 3.5332618 .7212240 8.069364 11.053295 4.9522 14.8680 ANOVA HbA 1c Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 280.961 4 70.240 216.299 .000 Within Groups 6.170 19 .325 Total 287.131 23 129 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons HbA 1c LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 -9.2509363 .3678404 .000 -10.303304 -8.198569 DM + S150 -7.6427903 .3678404 .000 -8.695157 -6.590423 DM + S300 -5.7677903 .3678404 .000 -6.820157 -4.715423 DM + S450 -2.5234082 .3290064 .000 -3.464674 -1.582142 DM + S0 Normal 9.2509363 .3678404 .000 8.198569 10.303304 DM + S150 1.6081461 .4029489 .001 .455336 2.760957 DM + S300 3.4831461 .4029489 .000 2.330336 4.635957 DM + S450 6.7275281 .3678404 .000 5.675161 7.779895 DM + S150 Normal 7.6427903 .3678404 .000 6.590423 8.695157 DM + S0 -1.6081461 .4029489 .001 -2.760957 -.455336 DM + S300 1.8750000 .4029489 .000 .722189 3.027811 DM + S450 5.1193820 .3678404 .000 4.067015 6.171749 DM + S300 Normal 5.7677903 .3678404 .000 4.715423 6.820157 DM + S0 -3.4831461 .4029489 .000 -4.635957 -2.330336 DM + S150 -1.8750000 .4029489 .000 -3.027811 -.722189 DM + S450 3.2443820 .3678404 .000 2.192015 4.296749 DM + S450 Normal 2.5234082 .3290064 .000 1.582142 3.464674 DM + S0 -6.7275281 .3678404 .000 -7.779895 -5.675161 DM + S150 -5.1193820 .3678404 .000 -6.171749 -4.067015 DM + S300 -3.2443820 .3678404 .000 -4.296749 -2.192015 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 130 Lampiran 11 Malondialdehida MDA Data pengamatan serapan serum tikus percobaan Absorbansi Standar 2,487 2,487 Blanko 0,042 0,042 Absorbansi Perlakuan I II rerata Normal 1 0,095 0,108 0,1015 2 0,115 0,115 0,1150 3 0,139 0,121 0,1300 4 0,109 0,105 0,1070 5 0,119 0,112 0,1155 6 0,099 0,101 0,1000 DM + S0 1 1,795 1,745 1,7700 2 1,698 1,785 1,7415 3 1,587 1,624 1,6055 4 1,702 1,624 1,6630 DM + S150 1 1,117 1,325 1,2210 2 1,202 1,249 1,2255 3 1,098 1,118 1,1080 4 1,008 1,226 1,1170 DM + S300 1 0,664 0,664 0,6640 2 0,712 0,713 0,7125 3 0,712 0,712 0,7120 4 0,655 0,655 0,6550 DM + S450 1 0,251 0,251 0,2510 2 0,299 0,295 0,2970 3 0,254 0,243 0,2485 4 0,291 0,304 0,2975 5 0,291 0,287 0,2890 6 0,311 0,314 0,3125 Data MDA serum tikus percobaan Perlakuan 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal 0,2433 0,2986 0,3599 0,2658 0,3006 0,2372 DM + S0 7,0675 6,9509 6,3947 6,6299 - - DM + S150 4,8221 4,8405 4,3599 4,3967 - - DM + S300 2,5439 2,7423 2,7403 2,5072 - - DM + S450 0,8548 1,0429 0,8446 1,0449 1,0102 1,1063 131 Analisis keragaman MDA serum tikus percobaan Descriptives MDA N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 .284254 .0456541 .0186382 .236342 .332165 .2372 .3599 DM + S0 4 6.760736E0 .3062618 .1531309 6.273405 7.248067 6.3947 7.0675 DM + S150 4 4.604806E0 .2620587 .1310294 4.187812 5.021800 4.3599 4.8405 DM + S300 4 2.633436E0 .1254672 .0627336 2.433789 2.833082 2.5072 2.7423 DM + S450 6 .983981 .1086074 .0443388 .870004 1.097957 .8446 1.1063 Total 24 2.650222E0 2.4111792 .4921799 1.632070 3.668373 .2372 7.0675 ANOVA MDA Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 133.113 4 33.278 1.047E3 .000 Within Groups .604 19 .032 Total 133.717 23 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons MDA LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 -6.4764826 .1150933 .000 -6.805757 -6.147208 DM + S150 -4.3205521 .1150933 .000 -4.649826 -3.991278 DM + S300 -2.3491820 .1150933 .000 -2.678456 -2.019908 DM + S450 -.6997273 .1029426 .000 -.994239 -.405215 DM + S0 Normal 6.4764826 .1150933 .000 6.147208 6.805757 DM + S150 2.1559305 .1260784 .000 1.795229 2.516632 DM + S300 4.1273006 .1260784 .000 3.766599 4.488003 DM + S450 5.7767553 .1150933 .000 5.447481 6.106030 DM + S150 Normal 4.3205521 .1150933 .000 3.991278 4.649826 DM + S0 -2.1559305 .1260784 .000 -2.516632 -1.795229 DM + S300 1.9713701 .1260784 .000 1.610668 2.332072 DM + S450 3.6208248 .1150933 .000 3.291550 3.950099 DM + S300 Normal 2.3491820 .1150933 .000 2.019908 2.678456 DM + S0 -4.1273006 .1260784 .000 -4.488003 -3.766599 DM + S150 -1.9713701 .1260784 .000 -2.332072 -1.610668 DM + S450 1.6494547 .1150933 .000 1.320180 1.978729 DM + S450 Normal .6997273 .1029426 .000 .405215 .994239 DM + S0 -5.7767553 .1150933 .000 -6.106030 -5.447481 DM + S150 -3.6208248 .1150933 .000 -3.950099 -3.291550 DM + S300 -1.6494547 .1150933 .000 -1.978729 -1.320180 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 132 Lampiran 12 Aktivitas Superoksida Dismutase SOD Data pengamatan Perlakuan 1 2 3 4 Keterangan Normal 1 0,051 0,051 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,055 0,055 0,056 0,057 Tanpa sampel 0,014 0,015 0,015 0,016 Blanko 2 0,050 0,050 0,051 0,052 Sampel 0,054 0,054 0,055 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,014 0,014 0,015 0,016 Blanko 3 0,051 0,052 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,055 0,056 0,056 0,057 Tanpa sampel 0,013 0,014 0,015 0,016 Blanko 4 0,050 0,050 0,051 0,051 Sampel 0,054 0,054 0,055 0,055 Tanpa sampel 0,013 0,013 0,014 0,014 Blanko 5 0,050 0,050 0,051 0,051 Sampel 0,053 0,054 0,055 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,015 0,015 0,016 0,016 Blanko 6 0,049 0,050 0,050 0,051 Sampel 0,053 0,054 0,054 0,055 Tanpa sampel 0,015 0,015 0,016 0,016 Blanko DM + S0 1 0,054 0,054 0,055 0,055 Sampel 0,055 0,055 0,056 0,057 Tanpa sampel 0,015 0,016 0,016 0,016 Blanko 2 0,052 0,053 0,054 0,054 Sampel 0,053 0,054 0,055 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,014 0,014 0,014 0,015 Blanko 3 0,054 0,054 0,055 0,055 Sampel 0,055 0,056 0,056 0,057 Tanpa sampel 0,014 0,014 0,015 0,016 Blanko 4 0,052 0,052 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,053 0,053 0,054 0,054 Tanpa sampel 0,016 0,016 0,017 0,017 Blanko DM + S150 1 0,052 0,052 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,053 0,054 0,054 0,055 Tanpa sampel 0,014 0,015 0,016 0,016 Blanko 2 0,053 0,053 0,054 0,054 Sampel 0,054 0,055 0,056 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,016 0,016 0,017 0,018 Blanko 3 0,050 0,051 0,051 0,052 Sampel 0,052 0,052 0,053 0,054 Tanpa sampel 0,012 0,013 0,013 0,014 Blanko 4 0,052 0,052 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,053 0,054 0,054 0,055 Tanpa sampel 0,016 0,017 0,017 0,017 Blanko DM + S300 1 0,053 0,053 0,053 0,053 Sampel 0,055 0,055 0,056 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,015 0,016 0,016 0,016 Blanko 2 0,051 0,051 0,051 0,052 Sampel 0,053 0,053 0,054 0,054 Tanpa sampel 0,014 0,014 0,015 0,015 Blanko 3 0,052 0,052 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,054 0,054 0,055 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,013 0,014 0,015 0,016 Blanko 4 0,051 0,052 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,054 0,054 0,055 0,055 Tanpa sampel 0,012 0,013 0,013 0,014 Blanko 133 DM + S450 1 0,051 0,051 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,054 0,055 0,055 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,013 0,014 0,014 0,015 Blanko 2 0,05 0,05 0,051 0,051 Sampel 0,053 0,053 0,054 0,055 Tanpa sampel 0,015 0,015 0,016 0,016 Blanko 3 0,051 0,052 0,052 0,052 Sampel 0,054 0,055 0.055 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,014 0,014 0,015 0,015 Blanko 4 0,05 0,051 0,051 0,051 Sampel 0,053 0,054 0,054 0,055 Tanpa sampel 0,014 0,015 0,015 0,015 Blanko 5 0,052 0,052 0,052 0,053 Sampel 0,055 0,055 0,056 0,056 Tanpa sampel 0,015 0,016 0,016 0,017 Blanko 6 0,05 0,05 0,051 0,051 Sampel 0,053 0,053 0,054 0,054 Tanpa sampel 0,015 0,015 0,016 0,016 Blanko Data aktivitas SOD tikus percobaan Perlakuan 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal 36,6972 37,6068 43,7247 39,5349 37,7104 38,2605 DM + S0 14,0351 12,5786 11,7647 13,2992 - - DM + S150 16,4557 18,0904 17,8862 18,8235 - - DM + S300 25,7757 25,7511 25,9740 23,6842 - - DM + S450 31,0078 29,4737 32,4324 30,9524 32,5926 31,3073 Analisis keragaman aktivitas SOD tikus percobaan Descriptives SOD N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 3.892249E1 2.5308307 1.0332073E0 36.266548 41.578436 36.6972 43.7247 DM + S0 4 1.291941E1 .9727090 .4863545 11.371613 14.467207 11.7647 14.0351 DM + S150 4 1.781396E1 .9909208 .4954604 16.237188 19.390740 16.4557 18.8235 DM + S300 4 2.529624E1 1.0793111 .5396555 23.578816 27.013666 23.6842 25.9740 DM + S450 6 3.129436E1 1.1397138 .4652862 30.098303 32.490416 29.4737 32.5926 Total 24 2.689248E1 9.6757027 1.9750445E0 22.806791 30.978173 11.7647 43.7247 ANOVA SOD Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2105.443 4 526.361 209.226 .000 Within Groups 47.799 19 2.516 Total 2153.242 23 134 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons SOD LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 26.0030820 1.0238307E0 .000 23.073969 28.932195 DM + S150 21.1085280 1.0238307E0 .000 18.179415 24.037641 DM + S300 13.6262510 1.0238307E0 .000 10.697138 16.555364 DM + S450 7.6281327 .9157420 .000 5.008255 10.248011 DM + S0 Normal -26.0030820 1.0238307E0 .000 -28.932195 -23.073969 DM + S150 -4.8945540 1.1215503E0 .000 -8.103236 -1.685872 DM + S300 -12.3768310 1.1215503E0 .000 -15.585513 -9.168149 DM + S450 -18.3749493 1.0238307E0 .000 -21.304062 -15.445837 DM + S150 Normal -21.1085280 1.0238307E0 .000 -24.037641 -18.179415 DM + S0 4.8945540 1.1215503E0 .000 1.685872 8.103236 DM + S300 -7.4822770 1.1215503E0 .000 -10.690959 -4.273595 DM + S450 -13.4803953 1.0238307E0 .000 -16.409508 -10.551283 DM + S300 Normal -13.6262510 1.0238307E0 .000 -16.555364 -10.697138 DM + S0 12.3768310 1.1215503E0 .000 9.168149 15.585513 DM + S150 7.4822770 1.1215503E0 .000 4.273595 10.690959 DM + S450 -5.9981183 1.0238307E0 .000 -8.927231 -3.069006 DM + S450 Normal -7.6281327 .9157420 .000 -10.248011 -5.008255 DM + S0 18.3749493 1.0238307E0 .000 15.445837 21.304062 DM + S150 13.4803953 1.0238307E0 .000 10.551283 16.409508 DM + S300 5.9981183 1.0238307E0 .000 3.069006 8.927231 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 135 Lampiran 13 Profil Cu,Zn-SOD ginjal Data pengamatan Perlakuan Preparat +++ ++ +- - 95 152 156 34 I 72 164 144 22 77 134 125 18 88 157 153 25 Normal II 84 162 166 24 87 166 154 20 82 152 142 22 III 76 147 151 20 89 165 150 21 10 133 245 I 12 125 261 8 126 228 5 110 205 DM + S0 II 7 100 196 4 103 208 5 110 207 III 7 106 204 6 111 219 1 13 109 201 I 15 119 225 13 118 216 12 106 196 DM + S150 II 1 10 105 194 9 101 191 10 116 211 III 11 107 202 1 11 109 209 1 24 128 190 I 1 23 118 180 24 122 183 23 112 181 DM + S300 II 1 22 118 196 1 23 125 176 1 21 124 180 III 24 120 193 1 23 126 173 8 43 233 73 I 9 42 225 68 10 42 234 72 8 38 224 69 DM + S450 II 9 44 237 68 9 40 224 64 9 39 228 70 III 7 40 213 68 8 42 220 65 136 Analisis keragaman profil positif kuat +++ Cu,Zn-SOD ginjal Descriptives Profil kuat N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 20.29767 .1603300 .0925666 19.899392 20.695956 20.1482 20.4670 DM + S0 3 .00000 .0000000 .0000000 .000000 .000000 .0000 .0000 DM + S150 3 .10380 .0033555 .0019373 .095470 .112141 .1010 .1075 DM + S300 3 .20254 .0025468 .0014704 .196215 .208869 .2007 .2054 DM + S450 3 2.47981 .0929370 .0536572 2.248943 2.710680 2.3745 2.5502 Total 15 4.61676 8.1719958 2.1100002E0 .091266 9.142267 .0000 20.4670 ANOVA Profil kuat Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 934.872 4 233.718 3.401E4 .000 Within Groups .069 10 .007 Total 934.941 14 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Profil kuat LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 20.2976741 .0676863 .000 20.083158 20.512190 DM + S150 20.1938682 .0676863 .000 19.979352 20.408385 DM + S300 20.0951321 .0676863 .000 19.880616 20.309648 DM + S450 17.8178624 .0676863 .000 17.603346 18.032379 DM + S0 Normal -20.2976741 .0676863 .000 -20.512190 -20.083158 DM + S150 -.1038059 .0676863 .156 -.318322 .110710 DM + S300 -.2025420 .0676863 .014 -.417058 .011974 DM + S450 -2.4798117 .0676863 .000 -2.694328 -2.265295 DM + S150 Normal -20.1938682 .0676863 .000 -20.408385 -19.979352 DM + S0 .1038059 .0676863 .156 -.110710 .318322 DM + S300 -.0987362 .0676863 .175 -.313252 .115780 DM + S450 -2.3760058 .0676863 .000 -2.590522 -2.161489 DM + S300 Normal -20.0951321 .0676863 .000 -20.309648 -19.880616 DM + S0 .2025420 .0676863 .014 -.011974 .417058 DM + S150 .0987362 .0676863 .175 -.115780 .313252 DM + S450 -2.2772697 .0676863 .000 -2.491786 -2.062753 DM + S450 Normal -17.8178624 .0676863 .000 -18.032379 -17.603346 DM + S0 2.4798117 .0676863 .000 2.265295 2.694328 DM + S150 2.3760058 .0676863 .000 2.161489 2.590522 DM + S300 2.2772697 .0676863 .000 2.062753 2.491786 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 137 Analisis keragaman profil positif moderat ++ Cu,Zn-SOD ginjal Descriptives Profil moderat N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 3.787817E1 .2046262 .1181410 37.369852 38.386491 37.7159 38.1080 DM + S0 3 2.054625E0 .4777562 .2758326 .867813 3.241437 1.7142 2.6008 DM + S150 3 3.523634E0 .3975058 .2295001 2.536175 4.511093 3.2461 3.9790 DM + S300 3 7.000277E0 .1296053 .0748277 6.678319 7.322234 6.8947 7.1449 DM + S450 3 1.192883E1 .1204462 .0695396 11.629623 12.228033 11.7898 12.0014 Total 15 1.247711E1 13.6115194 3.5144792E0 4.939299 20.014915 1.7142 38.1080 ANOVA Profil moderat Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2592.910 4 648.227 7.055E3 .000 Within Groups .919 10 .092 Total 2593.828 14 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Profil moderat LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 35.8235469 .2475045 .000 35.039138 36.607956 DM + S150 34.3545379 .2475045 .000 33.570129 35.138947 DM + S300 30.8778949 .2475045 .000 30.093486 31.662304 DM + S450 25.9493435 .2475045 .000 25.164934 26.733753 DM + S0 Normal -35.8235469 .2475045 .000 -36.607956 -35.039138 DM + S150 -1.4690090 .2475045 .000 -2.253418 -.684600 DM + S300 -4.9456520 .2475045 .000 -5.730061 -4.161243 DM + S450 -9.8742034 .2475045 .000 -10.658613 -9.089794 DM + S150 Normal -34.3545379 .2475045 .000 -35.138947 -33.570129 DM + S0 1.4690090 .2475045 .000 .684600 2.253418 DM + S300 -3.4766430 .2475045 .000 -4.261052 -2.692234 DM + S450 -8.4051944 .2475045 .000 -9.189604 -7.620785 DM + S300 Normal -30.8778949 .2475045 .000 -31.662304 -30.093486 DM + S0 4.9456520 .2475045 .000 4.161243 5.730061 DM + S150 3.4766430 .2475045 .000 2.692234 4.261052 DM + S450 -4.9285514 .2475045 .000 -5.712961 -4.144142 DM + S450 Normal -25.9493435 .2475045 .000 -26.733753 -25.164934 DM + S0 9.8742034 .2475045 .000 9.089794 10.658613 DM + S150 8.4051944 .2475045 .000 7.620785 9.189604 DM + S300 4.9285514 .2475045 .000 4.144142 5.712961 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 138 Analisis keragaman profil positif lemah +- Cu,Zn-SOD ginjal Descriptives Profil lemah N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 3.627068E1 .5966189 .3444581 34.788598 37.752765 35.6099 36.7697 DM + S0 3 3.346716E1 .0967600 .0558644 33.226793 33.707523 33.3589 33.5452 DM + S150 3 3.365203E1 .0675511 .0390006 33.484226 33.819838 33.5985 33.7279 DM + S300 3 3.695774E1 .6244898 .3605493 35.406418 38.509056 36.3065 37.5515 DM + S450 3 6.569883E1 .4827689 .2787268 64.499567 66.898097 65.3454 66.2489 Total 15 4.120929E1 12.7608604 3.2948400E0 34.142559 48.276017 33.3589 66.2489 ANOVA Profil lemah Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2277.768 4 569.442 2.867E3 .000 Within Groups 1.986 10 .199 Total 2279.754 14 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Profil lemah LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 2.8035239 .3638558 .000 1.650365 3.956682 DM + S150 2.6186498 .3638558 .000 1.465491 3.771808 DM + S300 -.6870555 .3638558 .088 -1.840214 .466103 DM + S450 -29.4281504 .3638558 .000 -30.581309 -28.274992 DM + S0 Normal -2.8035239 .3638558 .000 -3.956682 -1.650365 DM + S150 -.1848741 .3638558 .622 -1.338032 .968284 DM + S300 -3.4905793 .3638558 .000 -4.643738 -2.337421 DM + S450 -32.2316743 .3638558 .000 -33.384833 -31.078516 DM + S150 Normal -2.6186498 .3638558 .000 -3.771808 -1.465491 DM + S0 .1848741 .3638558 .622 -.968284 1.338032 DM + S300 -3.3057053 .3638558 .000 -4.458864 -2.152547 DM + S450 -32.0468002 .3638558 .000 -33.199959 -30.893642 DM + S300 Normal .6870555 .3638558 .088 -.466103 1.840214 DM + S0 3.4905793 .3638558 .000 2.337421 4.643738 DM + S150 3.3057053 .3638558 .000 2.152547 4.458864 DM + S450 -28.7410949 .3638558 .000 -29.894253 -27.587937 DM + S450 Normal 29.4281504 .3638558 .000 28.274992 30.581309 DM + S0 32.2316743 .3638558 .000 31.078516 33.384833 DM + S150 32.0468002 .3638558 .000 30.893642 33.199959 DM + S300 28.7410949 .3638558 .000 27.587937 29.894253 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 139 Analisis keragaman profil negatif - Cu,Zn-SOD ginjal Descriptives Profil negatif N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 5.553473E0 .4929044 .2845785 4.329030 6.777915 5.1817 6.1126 DM + S0 3 6.447822E1 .5242984 .3027038 63.175788 65.780647 63.9019 64.9269 DM + S150 3 6.272053E1 .3619066 .2089468 61.821503 63.619554 62.3197 63.0232 DM + S300 3 5.583944E1 .6161714 .3557467 54.308789 57.370099 55.3484 56.5309 DM + S450 3 1.989253E1 .3863269 .2230460 18.932839 20.852217 19.4465 20.1220 Total 15 4.169684E1 25.1149759 6.4846589E0 27.788628 55.605048 5.1817 64.9269 ANOVA Profil negatif Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 8828.313 4 2207.078 9.370E3 .000 Within Groups 2.355 10 .236 Total 8830.668 14 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Profil negatif LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 -58.9247449 .3962719 .000 -60.180639 -57.668851 DM + S150 -57.1670559 .3962719 .000 -58.422950 -55.911162 DM + S300 -50.2859716 .3962719 .000 -51.541865 -49.030078 DM + S450 -14.3390555 .3962719 .000 -15.594949 -13.083162 DM + S0 Normal 58.9247449 .3962719 .000 57.668851 60.180639 DM + S150 1.7576890 .3962719 .001 .501795 3.013583 DM + S300 8.6387734 .3962719 .000 7.382880 9.894667 DM + S450 44.5856894 .3962719 .000 43.329796 45.841583 DM + S150 Normal 57.1670559 .3962719 .000 55.911162 58.422950 DM + S0 -1.7576890 .3962719 .001 -3.013583 -.501795 DM + S300 6.8810844 .3962719 .000 5.625191 8.136978 DM + S450 42.8280004 .3962719 .000 41.572107 44.083894 DM + S300 Normal 50.2859716 .3962719 .000 49.030078 51.541865 DM + S0 -8.6387734 .3962719 .000 -9.894667 -7.382880 DM + S150 -6.8810844 .3962719 .000 -8.136978 -5.625191 DM + S450 35.9469160 .3962719 .000 34.691022 37.202810 DM + S450 Normal 14.3390555 .3962719 .000 13.083162 15.594949 DM + S0 -44.5856894 .3962719 .000 -45.841583 -43.329796 DM + S150 -42.8280004 .3962719 .000 -44.083894 -41.572107 DM + S300 -35.9469160 .3962719 .000 -37.202810 -34.691022 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 140 Lampiran 14 Profil Cu,Zn-SOD hati Data pengamatan Perlakuan Preparat +++ ++ +- - 26 42 88 11 I 20 49 78 15 20 53 90 11 22 45 94 12 Normal II 23 53 80 13 18 51 92 13 22 49 98 11 III 22 45 92 12 19 52 96 9 2 42 98 I 5 43 98 3 46 105 4 44 108 DM + S0 II 3 45 100 4 46 103 5 48 106 III 3 43 104 2 50 103 1 5 56 103 I 6 52 92 5 49 100 4 53 99 DM + S150 II 5 54 96 5 57 102 6 57 104 III 5 50 98 5 54 100 1 10 66 82 I 1 13 68 86 11 61 80 12 63 85 DM + S300 II 1 11 63 81 1 12 68 88 1 12 59 79 III 12 62 80 1 11 64 82 4 24 105 35 I 2 24 108 29 4 29 109 31 3 23 107 37 DM + S450 II 5 26 110 34 4 21 113 33 5 21 108 28 III 4 29 105 25 5 24 106 32 141 Analisis keragaman profil positif kuat +++ Cu,Zn-SOD hati Descriptives Profil Kuat N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 12.4403 .6168312 .35612 10.908043 13.972630 11.9611 13.1363 DM + S0 3 .0000 .0000000 .00000 .000000 .000000 .0000 .0000 DM + S150 3 .0673 .1166364 .06734 -.222401 .357081 .0000 .2020 DM + S300 3 .4168 .0129172 .00745 .384809 .448985 .4081 .4317 DM + S450 3 2.3795 .4387243 .25329 1.289652 3.469355 1.9734 2.8448 Total 15 3.0608 4.9457891 1.27699 .321929 5.799702 .0000 13.1363 ANOVA Profil kuat Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 341.278 4 85.320 727.076 .000 Within Groups 1.173 10 .117 Total 342.452 14 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Profil kuat LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 12.4403362 .2796976 .000 11.553898 13.326774 DM + S150 12.3729962 .2796976 .000 11.486558 13.259434 DM + S300 12.0234392 .2796976 .000 11.137001 12.909877 DM + S450 10.0608324 .2796976 .000 9.174394 10.947270 DM + S0 Normal -12.4403362 .2796976 .000 -13.326774 -11.553898 DM + S150 -.0673401 .2796976 .815 -.953778 .819098 DM + S300 -.4168971 .2796976 .167 -1.303335 .469541 DM + S450 -2.3795038 .2796976 .000 -3.265942 -1.493066 DM + S150 Normal -12.3729962 .2796976 .000 -13.259434 -11.486558 DM + S0 .0673401 .2796976 .815 -.819098 .953778 DM + S300 -.3495570 .2796976 .240 -1.235995 .536881 DM + S450 -2.3121638 .2796976 .000 -3.198602 -1.425726 DM + S300 Normal -12.0234392 .2796976 .000 -12.909877 -11.137001 DM + S0 .4168971 .2796976 .167 -.469541 1.303335 DM + S150 .3495570 .2796976 .240 -.536881 1.235995 DM + S450 -1.9626068 .2796976 .000 -2.849045 -1.076169 DM + S450 Normal -10.0608324 .2796976 .000 -10.947270 -9.174394 DM + S0 2.3795038 .2796976 .000 1.493066 3.265942 DM + S150 2.3121638 .2796976 .000 1.425726 3.198602 DM + S300 1.9626068 .2796976 .000 1.076169 2.849045 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 142 Analisis keragaman profil positif moderat ++ Cu,Zn-SOD hati Descriptives Profil moderat N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 28.40252 .62845 .36283 26.841350 29.963695 27.6945 28.8943 DM + S0 3 2.269072 .12864 .07427 1.949507 2.588636 2.1450 2.4018 DM + S150 3 3.213411 .24439 .14110 2.606292 3.820530 2.9462 3.4257 DM + S300 3 7.290819 .24782 .14307 6.675196 7.906442 7.0881 7.5671 DM + S450 3 14.618390 .92657 .53495 12.316665 16.920121 13.5558 15.2575 Total 15 11.158840 10.00742 2.58390 5.616916 16.700771 2.1450 28.8943 ANOVA Profil moderat Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1399.297 4 349.824 1.257E3 .000 Within Groups 2.782 10 .278 Total 1402.080 14 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Profil moderat LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 26.1334508 .4306870 .000 24.768486 27.498415 DM + S150 25.1891115 .4306870 .000 23.824147 26.554076 DM + S300 21.1117034 .4306870 .000 19.746739 22.476668 DM + S450 13.7841298 .4306870 .000 12.419165 15.149094 DM + S0 Normal -26.1334508 .4306870 .000 -27.498415 -24.768486 DM + S150 -.9443393 .4306870 .053 -2.309304 .420625 DM + S300 -5.0217474 .4306870 .000 -6.386712 -3.656783 DM + S450 -12.3493210 .4306870 .000 -13.714285 -10.984356 DM + S150 Normal -25.1891115 .4306870 .000 -26.554076 -23.824147 DM + S0 .9443393 .4306870 .053 -.420625 2.309304 DM + S300 -4.0774082 .4306870 .000 -5.442373 -2.712444 DM + S450 -11.4049817 .4306870 .000 -12.769946 -10.040017 DM + S300 Normal -21.1117034 .4306870 .000 -22.476668 -19.746739 DM + S0 5.0217474 .4306870 .000 3.656783 6.386712 DM + S150 4.0774082 .4306870 .000 2.712444 5.442373 DM + S450 -7.3275736 .4306870 .000 -8.692538 -5.962609 DM + S450 Normal -13.7841298 .4306870 .000 -15.149094 -12.419165 DM + S0 12.3493210 .4306870 .000 10.984356 13.714285 DM + S150 11.4049817 .4306870 .000 10.040017 12.769946 DM + S300 7.3275736 .4306870 .000 5.962609 8.692538 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 143 Analisis keragaman profil positif lemah +- Cu,Zn-SOD hati Descriptives Profil Lemah N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 5.221156E1 1.8075481 1.0435884E0 47.721365 56.701761 50.8556 54.2637 DM + S0 3 2.985433E1 .4491204 .2592998 28.738651 30.970005 29.5586 30.3711 DM + S150 3 3.364025E1 .8127906 .4692649 31.621167 35.659334 32.9229 34.5231 DM + S300 3 4.021694E1 .4241240 .2448681 39.163353 41.270518 39.9463 40.7057 DM + S450 3 6.424450E1 .5267256 .3041052 62.936045 65.552963 63.9211 64.8523 Total 15 4.403352E1 13.1099039 3.3849626E0 36.773494 51.293539 29.5586 64.8523 ANOVA Profil lemah Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2397.000 4 599.250 653.221 .000 Within Groups 9.174 10 .917 Total 2406.174 14 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Profil lemah LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 22.3572349 .7820391 .000 19.878740 24.835730 DM + S150 18.5713123 .7820391 .000 16.092817 21.049808 DM + S300 11.9946272 .7820391 .000 9.516132 14.473122 DM + S450 -12.0329413 .7820391 .000 -14.511436 -9.554446 DM + S0 Normal -22.3572349 .7820391 .000 -24.835730 -19.878740 DM + S150 -3.7859225 .7820391 .001 -6.264418 -1.307427 DM + S300 -10.3626077 .7820391 .000 -12.841103 -7.884113 DM + S450 -34.3901761 .7820391 .000 -36.868671 -31.911681 DM + S150 Normal -18.5713123 .7820391 .000 -21.049808 -16.092817 DM + S0 3.7859225 .7820391 .001 1.307427 6.264418 DM + S300 -6.5766851 .7820391 .000 -9.055180 -4.098190 DM + S450 -30.6042536 .7820391 .000 -33.082749 -28.125758 DM + S300 Normal -11.9946272 .7820391 .000 -14.473122 -9.516132 DM + S0 10.3626077 .7820391 .000 7.884113 12.841103 DM + S150 6.5766851 .7820391 .000 4.098190 9.055180 DM + S450 -24.0275684 .7820391 .000 -26.506064 -21.549073 DM + S450 Normal 12.0329413 .7820391 .000 9.554446 14.511436 DM + S0 34.3901761 .7820391 .000 31.911681 36.868671 DM + S150 30.6042536 .7820391 .000 28.125758 33.082749 DM + S300 24.0275684 .7820391 .000 21.549073 26.506064 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 144 Analisis keragaman profil negatif - Cu,Zn-SOD hati Descriptives Profil negatif N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 6.945578E0 .7490369 .4324566 5.084867 8.806289 6.0808 7.3893 DM + S0 3 6.787660E1 .3417526 .1973110 67.027640 68.725561 67.4839 68.1064 DM + S150 3 6.239734E1 .5785501 .3340260 60.960137 63.834533 61.7637 62.8975 DM + S300 3 5.207535E1 .2879956 .1662744 51.359927 52.790769 51.7981 52.3730 DM + S450 3 1.875760E1 1.4535192 .8391897 15.146857 22.368341 17.2610 20.1638 Total 15 4.161049E1 25.1746653 6.5000706E0 27.669227 55.551757 6.0808 68.1064 ANOVA Profil negatif Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 8866.276 4 2216.569 3.455E3 .000 Within Groups 6.416 10 .642 Total 8872.693 14 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Profil negatif LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 -60.9310219 .6540368 .000 -63.003843 -58.858201 DM + S150 -55.4517568 .6540368 .000 -57.524578 -53.378936 DM + S300 -45.1297697 .6540368 .000 -47.202591 -43.056949 DM + S450 -11.8120210 .6540368 .000 -13.884842 -9.739200 DM + S0 Normal 60.9310219 .6540368 .000 58.858201 63.003843 DM + S150 5.4792651 .6540368 .000 3.406444 7.552086 DM + S300 15.8012522 .6540368 .000 13.728431 17.874073 DM + S450 49.1190009 .6540368 .000 47.046180 51.191822 DM + S150 Normal 55.4517568 .6540368 .000 53.378936 57.524578 DM + S0 -5.4792651 .6540368 .000 -7.552086 -3.406444 DM + S300 10.3219870 .6540368 .000 8.249166 12.394808 DM + S450 43.6397358 .6540368 .000 41.566915 45.712557 DM + S300 Normal 45.1297697 .6540368 .000 43.056949 47.202591 DM + S0 -15.8012522 .6540368 .000 -17.874073 -13.728431 DM + S150 -10.3219870 .6540368 .000 -12.394808 -8.249166 DM + S450 33.3177488 .6540368 .000 31.244928 35.390570 DM + S450 Normal 11.8120210 .6540368 .000 9.739200 13.884842 DM + S0 -49.1190009 .6540368 .000 -51.191822 -47.046180 DM + S150 -43.6397358 .6540368 .000 -45.712557 -41.566915 DM + S300 -33.3177488 .6540368 .000 -35.390570 -31.244928 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 145 Lampiran 15 Aktivitas katalase Data pengamatan Perlakuan Menit ke- Beda serapan Rerata 1 2 3 Normal-1 0,014 0,015 0,015 0,0147 0,0152 0,015 0,016 0,016 0,0157 Normal-2 0,012 0,012 0,013 0,0123 0,0127 0,013 0,013 0,013 0,0130 Normal-3 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,0160 0,0160 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,0160 Normal-4 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,0160 0,0165 0,017 0,017 0,017 0,0170 Normal-5 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,0150 0,0150 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,0150 Normal-6 0,015 0,015 0,016 0,0153 0,0142 0,013 0,013 0,013 0,0130 DM + S0 -1 0,269 0,269 0,269 0,2690 0,2678 0,266 0,267 0,267 0,2667 DM + S0 -2 0,271 0,271 0,271 0,2710 0,2697 0,268 0,268 0,269 0,2683 DM + S0 -3 0,265 0,265 0,265 0,2650 0,2653 0,265 0,266 0,266 0,2657 DM + S0 -4 0,263 0,263 0,263 0,2630 0,2633 0,263 0,264 0,264 0,2637 DM + S150 -1 0,225 0,225 0,226 0,2253 0,2262 0,227 0,227 0,227 0,2270 DM + S150 -2 0,219 0,219 0,219 0,2190 0,2195 0,22 0,22 0,22 0,2200 DM + S150 -3 0,219 0,22 0,22 0,2197 0,2205 0,221 0,221 0,222 0,2213 DM + S150 -4 0,223 0,223 0,223 0,2230 0,2240 0,225 0,225 0,225 0,2250 DM + S300 -1 0,165 0,165 0,166 0,1653 0,1667 0,168 0,168 0,168 0,1680 DM + S300 -2 0,172 0,172 0,172 0,1720 0,1713 0,170 0,171 0,171 0,1707 DM + S300 -3 0,163 0,163 0,163 0,1630 0,1625 0,162 0,162 0,162 0,1620 DM + S300 -4 0,164 0,164 0,164 0,1640 0,1650 0,166 0,166 0,166 0,1660 DM + S450 -1 0,094 0,094 0,095 0,0943 0,0932 0,092 0,092 0,092 0,0920 DM + S450 -2 0,096 0,096 0,096 0,0960 0,0970 0,098 0,098 0,098 0,0980 DM + S450 -3 0,100 0,100 0,101 0,1003 0,1012 0,102 0,102 0,102 0,1020 DM + S450 -4 0,098 0,098 0,099 0,0983 0,0987 0,099 0,099 0,099 0,0990 DM + S450 -5 0,097 0,097 0,097 0,0970 0,0965 0,096 0,096 0,096 0,0960 DM + S450 -6 0,103 0,0103 0,103 0,0721 0,0854 0,098 0,099 0,099 0,0987 Konsentrasi Standar 0,04 0,08 0,12 0,16 0,2 0,4 Serapan 0,025 0,146 0,223 0,302 0,375 0,464 0,994 0,031 0,134 0,234 0,298 0,368 0,472 1,021 146 y = 2.4021x + 0.0202 R 2 = 0.9938 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 Hasil perhitungan Perlakuan Molar molL μmolminmL 1 -0,00300 0,18525457 185,2546 2 -0,00397 0,18622594 186,2259 Normal 3 -0,00258 0,18483827 184,8383 4 -0,00237 0,18463012 184,6301 5 -0,00307 0,18532395 185,3240 6 -0,00334 0,18560149 185,6015 1 0,10309 0,07916684 79,1668 DM + S0 2 0,10385 0,07840362 78,4036 3 0,10205 0,08020760 80,2076 4 0,10122 0,08104020 81,0402 1 0,08574 0,09651277 96,5128 DM + S150 2 0,08297 0,09928812 99,2881 3 0,08339 0,09887182 98,8718 4 0,08484 0,09741476 97,4148 1 0,06097 0,12128277 121,2828 DM + S300 2 0,06292 0,11934002 119,3400 3 0,05924 0,12301736 123,0174 4 0,06028 0,12197660 121,9766 1 0,03038 0,15188099 151,8810 2 0,03197 0,15028517 150,2852 DM + S450 3 0,03371 0,14855057 148,5506 4 0,03267 0,14959133 149,5913 5 0,03176 0,15049332 150,4933 6 0,02714 0,15512121 155,1212 Data aktivitas katalase tikus percobaan Perlakuan 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal 185,2546 186,2259 184,8383 184,6301 185,3240 185,6015 DM + S0 66,6777 65,7185 67,7185 68,5511 - - DM + S150 96,5127 99,2881 98,8718 97,4147 - - DM + S300 121,2828 119,3400 123,0174 121,9766 - - DM + S450 164,3701 162,7742 161,0396 162,0804 162,9824 161,1784 147 Analisis keragaman aktivitas katalase tikus percobaan Descriptives Katalase N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 1.853124E2 .5677747 .2317931 184.716557 185.908243 184.6301 186.2259 DM + S0 4 6.716648E1 1.2325352 .6162676 65.205246 69.127724 65.7185 68.5511 DM + S150 4 9.802187E1 1.2873447 .6436724 95.973415 100.070320 96.5128 99.2881 DM + S300 4 1.214042E2 1.5498081 .7749041 118.938109 123.870291 119.3400 123.0174 DM + S450 6 1.624042E2 1.2494433 .5100831 161.092973 163.715394 161.0396 164.3701 Total 24 1.346946E2 43.9032186 8.9617070E0 116.155868 153.233275 65.7185 186.2259 ANOVA Katalase Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 44306.178 4 11076.544 8.047E3 .000 Within Groups 26.152 19 1.376 Total 44332.330 23 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Katalase LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 118.1459150 .7573079 .000 115.979307 120.312523 DM + S150 87.2905325 .7573079 .000 85.123924 89.457141 DM + S300 63.9082000 .7573079 .000 61.741592 66.074808 DM + S450 22.9082167 .6773568 .000 20.970343 24.846090 DM + S0 Normal -1.1814592E2 .7573079 .000 -120.312523 -115.979307 DM + S150 -30.8553825 .8295893 .000 -33.228783 -28.481982 DM + S300 -54.2377150 .8295893 .000 -56.611116 -51.864314 DM + S450 -95.2376983 .7573079 .000 -97.404307 -93.071090 DM + S150 Normal -87.2905325 .7573079 .000 -89.457141 -85.123924 DM + S0 30.8553825 .8295893 .000 28.481982 33.228783 DM + S300 -23.3823325 .8295893 .000 -25.755733 -21.008932 DM + S450 -64.3823158 .7573079 .000 -66.548924 -62.215707 DM + S300 Normal -63.9082000 .7573079 .000 -66.074808 -61.741592 DM+S0 54.2377150 .8295893 .000 51.864314 56.611116 DM+S150 23.3823325 .8295893 .000 21.008932 25.755733 DM+S450 -40.9999833 .7573079 .000 -43.166592 -38.833375 DM + S450 Normal -22.9082167 .6773568 .000 -24.846090 -20.970343 DM + S0 95.2376983 .7573079 .000 93.071090 97.404307 DM + S150 64.3823158 .7573079 .000 62.215707 66.548924 DM + S300 40.9999833 .7573079 .000 38.833375 43.166592 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 148 Lampiran 16 Aktivitas glutation peroksidase GSH-Px Data pengamatan Perlakuan Menit ke- Beda serapan Rerata 1 2 3 1 0,037 0,038 0,039 0,0010 0,00075 0,035 0,035 0,036 0,0005 2 0,037 0,037 0,038 0,0005 0,00075 0,034 0,035 0,036 0,0010 Normal 3 0,036 0,037 0,038 0,0010 0,00075 0,035 0,035 0,036 0,0005 4 0,038 0,039 0,039 0,0005 0,00075 0,035 0,036 0,037 0,0010 5 0,036 0,036 0,037 0,0005 0,00075 0,034 0,035 0,036 0,0010 6 0,037 0,038 0,039 0,0010 0,00100 0,036 0,037 0,038 0,0010 1 0,010 0,010 0,011 0,0005 0,00025 0,011 0,011 0,011 0,0000 2 0,011 0,012 0,012 0,0005 0,00025 DM + S0 0,011 0,011 0,011 0,0000 3 0,010 0,011 0,011 0,0005 0,00025 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,0000 4 0,012 0,012 0,012 0,0000 0,00025 0,010 0,010 0,011 0,0005 1 0,017 0,016 0,017 0,0000 0,00025 0,016 0,017 0,017 0,0005 2 0,016 0,017 0,017 0,0005 0,00050 DM + S150 0,017 0,017 0,018 0,0005 3 0,017 0,018 0,018 0,0005 0,00050 0,017 0,017 0,018 0,0005 4 0,015 0,015 0,016 0,0005 0,00025 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,0000 1 0,020 0,020 0,021 0,0005 0,00050 0,020 0,020 0,021 0,0005 2 0,021 0,022 0,022 0,0005 0,00025 DM + S300 0,023 0,023 0,023 0,0000 3 0,022 0,022 0,023 0,0005 0,00050 0,020 0,021 0,021 0,0005 4 0,023 0,023 0,024 0,0005 0,00075 0,020 0,021 0,022 0,0010 1 0,029 0,029 0,030 0,0005 0,00050 0,028 0,028 0,029 0,0005 2 0,030 0,030 0,031 0,0005 0,00050 0,028 0,028 0,029 0,0005 3 0,028 0,028 0,029 0,0005 0,00050 DM + S450 0,029 0,029 0,030 0,0005 4 0,028 0,029 0,030 0,0010 0,00075 0,027 0,027 0,028 0,0005 5 0,029 0,029 0,030 0,0005 0,00050 0,028 0,028 0,029 0,0005 6 0,028 0,028 0,030 0,0010 0,00100 0,029 0,030 0,031 0,0010 Data aktivitas GSH-Px Perlakuan 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal 2,4116 2,4116 2,4116 2,4116 2,4116 3,2154 DM + S0 0,8039 0,8039 0,8039 0,8039 - - DM + S150 0,8039 1,6077 1,6077 0,8039 - - DM + S300 1,6077 0,8039 1,7077 2,4116 - - DM + S450 1,6077 1,6077 1,6077 2,4116 1,6077 3,2154 149 Analisis keragaman aktivitas GSH-Px tikus percobaan Descriptives GSH-Px N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 2.545567E0 .3281500 .1339667 2.201194 2.889939 2.4116 3.2154 DM+S0 4 .803900 .0000000 .0000000 .803900 .803900 .8039 .8039 DM+S150 4 1.205800E0 .4640741 .2320371 .467354 1.944246 .8039 1.6077 DM+S300 4 1.632725E0 .6582413 .3291206 .585316 2.680134 .8039 2.4116 DM+S450 6 2.009633E0 .6725551 .2745695 1.303830 2.715437 1.6077 3.2154 Total 24 1.745871E0 .7736885 .1579285 1.419171 2.072571 .8039 3.2154 ANOVA GSH-Px Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 9.022 4 2.255 9.029 .000 Within Groups 4.746 19 .250 Total 13.768 23 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons GSH-Px LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM+S0 1.7416667 .3226128 .000 .818693 2.664641 DM+S150 1.3397667 .3226128 .001 .416793 2.262741 DM+S300 .9128417 .3226128 .011 -.010132 1.835816 DM+S450 .5359333 .2885537 .079 -.289600 1.361466 DM+S0 Normal -1.7416667 .3226128 .000 -2.664641 -.818693 DM+S150 -.4019000 .3534046 .270 -1.412967 .609167 DM+S300 -.8288250 .3534046 .030 -1.839892 .182242 DM+S450 -1.2057333 .3226128 .001 -2.128707 -.282759 DM+S150 Normal -1.3397667 .3226128 .001 -2.262741 -.416793 DM+S0 .4019000 .3534046 .270 -.609167 1.412967 DM+S300 -.4269250 .3534046 .242 -1.437992 .584142 DM+S450 -.8038333 .3226128 .022 -1.726807 .119141 DM+S300 Normal -.9128417 .3226128 .011 -1.835816 .010132 DM+S0 .8288250 .3534046 .030 -.182242 1.839892 DM+S150 .4269250 .3534046 .242 -.584142 1.437992 DM+S450 -.3769083 .3226128 .257 -1.299882 .546066 DM+S450 Normal -.5359333 .2885537 .079 -1.361466 .289600 DM+S0 1.2057333 .3226128 .001 .282759 2.128707 DM+S150 .8038333 .3226128 .022 -.119141 1.726807 DM+S300 .3769083 .3226128 .257 -.546066 1.299882 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 150 Lampiran 17 Vasorelaksasi Data pengamatan vasorelaksasi Perlakuan Base line Max Min Kontraksi Relaksasi 1 0,005 0,040 0,008 0,035 0,032 2 -0,005 0,107 -0,002 0,112 0,109 Normal 3 0,010 0,075 0,017 0,065 0,058 4 -0,002 0,082 0,004 0,084 0,078 5 -0,004 0,059 0,002 0,063 0,057 6 0,003 0,098 0,012 0,095 0,086 1 -0,001 0,043 0,036 0,044 0,007 DM + S0 2 0,006 0,023 0,002 0,017 0,003 3 -0,006 0,013 0,009 0,019 0,004 4 0,005 0,071 0,069 0,066 0,002 1 0,007 0,128 0,100 0,121 0,028 DM + S150 2 0,004 0,063 0,049 0,059 0,014 3 -0,001 0,076 0,058 0,077 0,018 4 -0,005 0,077 0,057 0,082 0,020 1 0,007 0,007 0,046 0,063 0,024 DM + S300 2 -0,006 0,086 0,049 0,092 0,037 3 -0,026 0,006 0,025 0,086 0,035 4 -0,004 0,002 0,010 0,024 0,010 1 0,006 0,056 0,033 0,050 0,023 2 0,000 0,082 0,041 0,082 0,041 DM + S450 3 -0,002 0,119 0,034 0,121 0,085 4 0,003 0,034 0,011 0,031 0,023 5 -0,004 0,063 0,010 0,067 0,053 6 0,004 0,044 0,009 0,040 0,035 Data vasorelaksasi Perlakuan 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal 91,4286 97,3214 89,2308 92,8571 90,4762 90,5263 DM + S0 15,9091 17,6471 21,0526 3,0303 - - DM + S150 23,1405 23,7288 23,3766 24,3902 - - DM + 300 38,0952 40,2174 40,6977 41,6667 - - DM + 450 46,0000 50,0000 70,2479 74,1936 79,1045 87,5000 Analisis keragaman vasorelaksasi tikus percobaan Descriptives Vasorelaksasi N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 91.9734 2.8822 1.1766 88.94866261 94.99814406 8.923077E1 9.732143E1 DM+S0 4 14.4098 7.8813 3.9406 1.86875617 26.95078533 3.030303 2.105263E1 DM+S150 6 67.8409 16.4609 6.7201 50.56624332 85.11574335 4.600000E1 8.750000E1 DM+S300 4 40.1692 1.5083 .7542 37.76912631 42.56935869 3.809524E1 4.166667E1 DM+S450 4 23.6590 .5441 .2721 22.79324256 24.52484244 2.314050E1 2.439024E1 Total 24 52.9933 30.9869 6.3251 39.90862930 66.07792095 3.030303 9.732143E1 151 ANOVA Vasorelaksasi Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 20493.990 4 5123.498 61.208 .000 Within Groups 1590.419 19 83.706 Total 22084.409 23 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Vasorelaksasi LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 77.5636326 5.9057275E0 .000 60.667732 94.459533 DM + S150 68.3143608 5.9057275E0 .000 51.418461 85.210261 DM + S300 51.8041608 5.9057275E0 .000 34.908261 68.700061 DM + S450 24.1324100 5.2822433E0 .000 9.020257 39.244563 DM + S0 Normal -77.5636326 5.9057275E0 .000 -94.459533 -60.667732 DM + S150 -9.2492717 6.4694003E0 .169 -27.757803 9.259260 DM + S300 -25.7594718 6.4694003E0 .001 -44.268003 -7.250940 DM + S450 -53.4312226 5.9057275E0 .000 -70.327123 -36.535322 DM + S150 Normal -68.3143608 5.9057275E0 .000 -85.210261 -51.418461 DM + S0 9.2492717 6.4694003E0 .169 -9.259260 27.757803 DM + S300 -16.5102000 6.4694003E0 .019 -35.018731 1.998331 DM + S450 -44.1819508 5.9057275E0 .000 -61.077851 -27.286051 DM + S300 Normal -51.8041608 5.9057275E0 .000 -68.700061 -34.908261 DM + S0 25.7594718 6.4694003E0 .001 7.250940 44.268003 DM + S150 16.5102000 6.4694003E0 .019 -1.998331 35.018731 DM + S450 -27.6717508 5.9057275E0 .000 -44.567651 -10.775851 DM + S450 Normal -24.1324100 5.2822433E0 .000 -39.244563 -9.020257 DM + S0 53.4312226 5.9057275E0 .000 36.535322 70.327123 DM + S150 44.1819508 5.9057275E0 .000 27.286051 61.077851 DM + S300 27.6717508 5.9057275E0 .000 10.775851 44.567651 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. 152 Lampiran 18 Dosis Efektif ED 50 Perlakuan Data pengamatan dosis efektif Dosis asetilkolin log M -7 -6,5 -6 -5,5 -5 -4,5 -4 -3,5 Normal - 1 34,3750 46,8750 53,1250 65,6250 78,1250 90,6250 96,8750 100,0000 Normal - 2 0,9174 53,2110 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 Normal - 3 3,4483 5,1724 98,2759 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 Normal - 4 15,3846 34,6154 96,1539 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 Normal - 5 14,0351 42,1053 71,9298 82,4561 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 Normal - 6 15,1163 45,3488 63,9535 86,0465 91,8605 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S0 - 1 16,6667 25,0000 33,3333 41,6667 66,6667 66,6667 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S0 – 2 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 33,3333 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S0 – 3 0,0000 25,0000 25,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S0 – 4 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 50,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S150 – 1 3,5714 21,4286 57,1429 67,8571 78,5714 85,7143 92,8571 100,0000 DM + S150 – 2 3,5714 14,2857 35,7143 42,8571 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S150 – 3 5,5556 11,1111 33,3333 61,1111 77,7778 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S150 - 4 5,0000 15,0000 35,0000 70,0000 85,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S300 – 1 0,0000 4,1667 50,0000 75,0000 87,50000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S300 – 2 2,7027 16,2162 51,3514 91,8919 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S300 - 3 5,7143 25,7143 34,2857 80,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S300 - 4 10,0000 20,0000 30,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S450 - 1 8,0000 20,0000 52,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S450 – 2 7,3171 39,0244 58,5366 78,0488 87,8049 95,1219 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S450 – 3 15,2941 38,8235 47,0588 60,0000 80,0000 92,9412 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S450 - 4 8,6957 21,7391 52,1739 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S450 – 5 18,8679 58,4906 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 DM + S450 - 6 5,7143 11,4286 42,8571 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 100,0000 Data ED Perlakuan 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal -5,395 -7,258 -6,523 -6,668 -6,416 -6,333 DM + S0 -4,973 -5,434 -6,004 -5,541 - - DM + S150 -5,849 -5,580 -5,641 -5,786 - - DM + S300 -6,026 -6,158 -5,897 -5,970 - - DM + S450 -6,178 -6,257 -5,566 -6,180 -7,137 -6,089 153 Analisis keragaman ED 50 tikus percobaan Descriptives ED 50 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 6 -6.432167E0 .6052568 .2470950 -7.067345 -5.796989 -7.2580 -5.3950 DM + S0 4 -5.488000E0 .4231651 .2115825 -6.161350 -4.814650 -6.0040 -4.9730 DM + S150 4 -5.714000E0 .1247584 .0623792 -5.912519 -5.515481 -5.8490 -5.5800 DM + S300 4 -6.012750E0 .1103007 .0551504 -6.188263 -5.837237 -6.1580 -5.8970 DM + S450 6 -6.234500E0 .5077869 .2073031 -6.767390 -5.701610 -7.1370 -5.5660 Total 24 -6.035792E0 .5331420 .1088272 -6.260918 -5.810666 -7.2580 -4.9730 ANOVA ED 50 Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2.796 4 .699 3.550 .025 Within Groups 3.741 19 .197 Total 6.538 23 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons ED 50 LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 95 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 -.9441667 .2864374 .004 -1.543687 -.344646 DM + S150 -.7181667 .2864374 .021 -1.317687 -.118646 DM + S300 -.4194167 .2864374 .159 -1.018937 .180104 DM + S450 -.1976667 .2561974 .450 -.733894 .338561 DM + S0 Normal .9441667 .2864374 .004 .344646 1.543687 DM + S150 .2260000 .3137764 .480 -.430742 .882742 DM + S300 .5247500 .3137764 .111 -.131992 1.181492 DM + S450 .7465000 .2864374 .017 .146980 1.346020 DM + S150 Normal .7181667 .2864374 .021 .118646 1.317687 DM + S0 -.2260000 .3137764 .480 -.882742 .430742 DM + S300 .2987500 .3137764 .353 -.357992 .955492 DM + S450 .5205000 .2864374 .085 -.079020 1.120020 DM+S300 Normal .4194167 .2864374 .159 -.180104 1.018937 DM+S0 -.5247500 .3137764 .111 -1.181492 .131992 DM+S150 -.2987500 .3137764 .353 -.955492 .357992 DM+S450 .2217500 .2864374 .448 -.377770 .821270 DM + S450 Normal .1976667 .2561974 .450 -.338561 .733894 DM + S0 -.7465000 .2864374 .017 -1.346020 -.146980 DM + S150 -.5205000 .2864374 .085 -1.120020 .079020 DM + S300 -.2217500 .2864374 .448 -.821270 .377770 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. 154 Lampiran 19 Rasio Sel Endot elium Data pengamatan Perlakuan Keliling aorta µm Jumlah panjang sel endotelium µm Rasio sel endotelium Normal - 1 25846,27 25499,1573 98,65701 Normal - 2 26754,33 25768,5900 96,31559 Normal - 3 24582,90 24153,9000 98,25488 DM + S0-1 26151,98 18135,1894 69,34538 DM + S0-2 28422,12 21944,3376 77,20866 DM + S0-3 23782,03 11776,1282 49,51692 DM + S150-1 23795,01 15852,6430 66,62171 DM + S150-2 30914,14 21684,7270 70,14501 DM + S150-3 26953,58 18966,1360 70,36593 DM + S300-1 26644,21 21291,4973 79,91041 DM + S300-2 23832,42 19491,5978 81,78606 DM + S300-3 27526,08 22775,0985 82,74007 DM + S450-1 26721,99 24136,8289 90,32572 DM + S450-2 27312,43 24539,7020 89,84811 DM + S450-3 24984,47 22332,1870 89,38427 Analisis keragaman rasio sel endotelium tikus percobaan Descriptives Rasio N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95 Confidence Interval for Mean Min Max Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal 3 9.7742493E1 1.25198521 .72283400 94.6323896 100.8525970 96.31559 98.65701 DM + S0 3 6.5356987E1 14.27019892 8.23890319E0 29.9078474 100.8061259 49.51692 77.20866 DM + S150 3 6.9044217E1 2.10085824 1.21293107E0 63.8253955 74.2630378 66.62171 70.36593 DM + S300 3 8.1478847E1 1.43962806 .83116965 77.9026123 85.0550810 79.91041 82.74007 DM + S450 3 8.9852700E1 .47074178 .27178290 88.6833126 91.0220874 89.38427 90.32572 Total 15 8.0695049E1 13.78948489 3.56042969E0 73.0586865 88.3314109 49.51692 98.65701 ANOVA Rasio Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2238.271 4 559.568 13.203 .001 Within Groups 423.828 10 42.383 Total 2662.099 14 155 Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons Rasio LSD I Perlakuan J Perlakuan Mean Difference I-J Std. Error Sig. 99 Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Normal DM + S0 32.38550667 5.31555925E0 .000 15.5390500 49.2319633 DM + S150 28.69827667 5.31555925E0 .000 11.8518200 45.5447333 DM + S300 16.26364667 5.31555925E0 .012 -.5828100 33.1101033 DM + S450 7.88979333 5.31555925E0 .169 -8.9566633 24.7362500 DM + S0 Normal -3.23855067E1 5.31555925E0 .000 -49.2319633 -15.5390500 DM + S150 -3.68723000 5.31555925E0 .504 -20.5336867 13.1592267 DM + S300 -16.12186000 5.31555925E0 .013 -32.9683167 .7245967 DM + S450 -2.44957133E1 5.31555925E0 .001 -41.3421700 -7.6492567 DM + S150 Normal -2.86982767E1 5.31555925E0 .000 -45.5447333 -11.8518200 DM + S0 3.68723000 5.31555925E0 .504 -13.1592267 20.5336867 DM + S300 -12.43463000 5.31555925E0 .041 -29.2810867 4.4118267 DM + S450 -2.08084833E1 5.31555925E0 .003 -37.6549400 -3.9620267 DM + S300 Normal -16.26364667 5.31555925E0 .012 -33.1101033 .5828100 DM + S0 16.12186000 5.31555925E0 .013 -.7245967 32.9683167 DM + S150 12.43463000 5.31555925E0 .041 -4.4118267 29.2810867 DM + S450 -8.37385333 5.31555925E0 .146 -25.2203100 8.4726033 DM + S450 Normal -7.88979333 5.31555925E0 .169 -24.7362500 8.9566633 DM + S0 24.49571333 5.31555925E0 .001 7.6492567 41.3421700 DM + S150 20.80848333 5.31555925E0 .003 3.9620267 37.6549400 DM + S300 8.37385333 5.31555925E0 .146 -8.4726033 25.2203100 . The mean difference is significant at the 0.01 level. ABSTRACT MUHAMAD FIRDAUS. Antioxidant activity of brown algae Sargassum echinocarpum as preventive on dysfunction of endothelium cell in aorta of diabetes mellitus rats. Under supervision of MADE ASTAWAN as chairman, DEDDY MUCHTADI, TUTIK WRESDIYATI, SARWONO WASPADJI, and SETYAWATI S. KARYONO, as member committee. Diabetes mellitus may cause oxidative stress. Chronic oxidative stress initiates the dysfunction of endothelium cell. Polyphenols are believed to have ability to prevent the dysfunction of endothelium cell. Marine brown algae contain polyphenol which is probably has good antioxidant activity. The aims of this study were to obtain the antioxidant activity and structure of phlorotannin, the lethal dose, the anti oxidative stress, and the anti endothelium cell dysfunction of Sargassum echinocarpum extract. The Sargassum echinocarpum was collected in April 2008 from the coastline of Talango island in Sumenep District of East Java, Indonesia and authenticated by the botanist, Research Centre of Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The antioxidant activity was assayed with DPPH radicals, the structure elucidation was assessed with spectroscopic methods, the lethal dose was investigated on mice, and the anti oxidative stress and the anti endothelium cell dysfunction were evaluated in diabetic rats. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.: 1 normal, 2 diabetic treated with 0, 3 150, 4 300, and 5 450 mgkg body weight of Sargassum echinocarpum extract, respectively. Extracts were administered by oral gavages for 12 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single administration of streptozotocin 45 mgkg, i.p.. Diabetes was confirmed ten days later in streptozotocin induced animals with blood glucose levels 200 mgdL. After the treatment period, the blood serum acquired was used for antioxidant enzymes assays while the thoracic aorta was used for vasodilatation assay. The result showed that the phlorotannin content of Sargassum echinocarpum extract was 4.25 - 12.16 equivalent of mg phloroglucinolg extract. The strongest antioxidant activity obtained from the methanol extract of Sargassum echinocarpum, i.e. 67.77 . The methanol extract of Sargassum echinocarpum contained phloroglucinol and bifuhalol. The methanol extract of Sargassum echinocarpum was relatively non-toxic. The mice treated with 1250 mgkg or more methanol extract of Sargassum echinocarpum showed inhibition of body weight and necrosis on hepatocyte and tubules of kidney. It was affected by inhibition activity of gastrointestinal enzymes and initiation lipid peroxidation. The diabetic rats revealed the oxidative stress; meanwhile, the diabetic rats treated with 450 mgkg extract showed the mild oxidative stress. It was caused by free radical scavenging and induction of antioxidant defense activity by extract. The diabetic rats exhibited the endothelial dysfunction; meanwhile, the diabetic rats treated with 450 mgkg extract showed the mild endothelial dysfunction. It appeared that Sargassum echinocarpum extract has the capability to preserve bioavailability of nitric oxide and protect the muscarinic receptor and endothelium cell against free radical damage. Keywords: Antioxidant, diabetes mellitus, endothelium cell dysfunction, rat, Sargassum echinocarpum 1 PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang