Radiasi Benda Hitam Perpindahan Kalor secara Radiasi

166 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas X 0;030;074=468G0=638?8=307:0=308 AC0BC14=30:414=30G0=6;08= 30B86014=BC:?4?8=3070=:0;G08BC :=3C:A8:=D4:A830=0380A8 4?8=3070= :0; 4;0;C8 H0B ?40=B00 34=60=B830:38A4B08?4?8=3070=?0B8:4; ?0B8:4;H0BB4A41CBA0200?40=4=38A41CB 70=B00=0B0C:=3C:A8 4?8=3070=:0;A4200:=D4:A80;80= 38A4B08640:0=0AA00B0C640:0=?0B8:4; ?40=B00=G05;C830 0380A8 030;07 ?4?8=3070= :0; 30;0 14=BC:64;10=64;4:B06=4B8: 30?0B 14?8=307 A4200 =3C:A80=B00= =D4:A8;80= 0380A80=200= 30?0B 4=G4101:0= -03 4C1070= ,C9C3 2=B7 ?48AB8E0=G0 4C080= 4=30 A478=660 B49038 4C1070=C7C 4;41C 414:C 4=6C0? 4=641C= 4=GC1;8 94=8A=G0 4C080=+;C4 4C080=0=90=6 4C080=C0A Peta Konsep Setelah Anda mempelajari bab ini, tentunya Anda telah memahami tentang perubahan wujud zat akibat perubahan kalor. Dapatkah Anda menerangkan mengenai cara perpindahan kalor pada suatu zat? Refleksi Bagaimana dari cara perpindahan tersebut yang belum Anda pahami? Diskusikan dengan teman Anda tentang materi yang belum Anda pahami tersebut. Jika masih menemui kesulitan, bertanyalah kepada guru Fisika Anda. 167 Kalor 0;0A8AB4A0BC0=8=B4=0A8=0;14A00=AC7C 48;8:8A0BC0= 0 =4EB= 3 :4;D8= 1 E0BB 4 :0;8 2 9C;4 0;01B;B4AB430?0B 60:?8?030AC7C I8B0107:0=ACACA410=G0: 6014AC7C I 8:0B830:030:0;20?C0=0C?C=:0;G0=6 B4A40?1B;B4A 08 :?8 ACAC :0;6I C7C20?C0==G0030;07 0 I 3 I 1 I 4 I 2 I C7CA410B0=61090G0=6?0=90=6=G0 38B8=6:0B:0= 308 I4=9038 IA478=660?0=90=6=G014B0107 8;84B44B01070=?0=90=6AC0BC10B0=61090 G0=6?0=90=6=G0 298:038?0=0A:0=308 IA0?08 I030;07 3 1 4 2 41C071;014=660B41C0B308?4C=66C34=60= :458A84=C08;8=40 K J I030 I 908908=G0 8:01;0B4A41CB38?0=0A:0=A0?08 I?4B01070=;C0A?4C:00=1;0030;07A414A0 30;0 0 K J 3 K J 1 K J 4 K J 2 K J 30=14BCCBBCCB030;07:458A84=C08?0=90=6 :458A84=C08;C0A30=:458A84=C08D;C448:CB 8=8G0=64=C=9C::0=7C1C=60=G0=614=0308 :4B860=G0030;07 3 1 4 2 410B0=614A8C;0C;0?0=90=6=G0 38?0=0A:0= 308AC7C 4=9038 8:0:458A84=C08?0=90=6 10B0=6B4A41CB ?4B01070=?0=90=610B0=6 030;07 1 J 2 J 3 J 4 --4-456+891-515,3+,-16,6-5 4;0BB8?8A308;60?0=90=6=G0 230=;410=G0 2?030AC7C I 8:0?4;0BB4A41CB38?0=0A:0= A0?0834=60=AC7C IB4=G0B0;C0A=G0 2 458A84=C08?0=90=6;60B4A41CB030;07 0 K J I 3 K J I 1 K J I 4 K J I 2 K J I 030AC7CI0AA094=8A40A :6 :458A84=C08?0=90=640A K J I0AA0 94=8A40AB4A41CB?030AC7C I030;07 0 :6 3 :6 1 :6 4 :6 2 :6 0A30;0C0=6B4BCBC?A410=G0:B4:0=0==G0 38C1074=9038:0;8A4C;0?030AC7CG0=6A00 +;C460A0:0=14C1074=9038 3 1 4 2 C0BC60A8340;A410=G0: ?030B4:0=0= 0B 30=AC7CI4C380=60AB4A41CB38?0=0A:0= 78=660AC7C=G0 I30=D;C4=G04:0=0= 60AA4:00=6030;07 0 0B 3 0B 1 0B 4 0B 2 0B 0BC0=:0;94=8A30;0030;07 0 :0;I 3 9C;4 1 :0;6I 4 9C;4:6 2 ::0;:6I C;07?0=0AG0=638?4;C:0=C=BC:4=08::0=AC7C I?030 6008030;07 0 :0; 3 :0; 1 :0; 4 :0; 2 :0; 0=0A94=8AAC0BC14=3038B4=BC:0=;47 0 94=8A14=30=G0 1 :4=08:0=AC7C14=30 2 D;C414=30 3 0AA014=30 4 ;C0A?4C:00=14=30 830;064;0A148A8 60814AC7C I38 0AC::0= 64A14AC7CJI:0;94=8A4AB4A41CB :0;6I 8:070=G0B49038?4BC:00=:0;0=B00 0830=4AA4B4;07B49038:4A4B810=60=0:0=38 ?4;47 0 A4;CC74A4=20830=AC7C=G0380B0A I 1 A4;CC74A4=20830=AC7C=G0 I 2 B830:A4;CC74A4=20830=AC7C=G0 I 3 AC7CA4;CC7A8AB43810E07 I 4 A410680=08414:C30=AC7CA4;CC7A8AB4 I Tes Kompetensi Bab 7 168 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas X 8-13593,65515 C01C071;0;60G0=6A494=8A0A8=60A8=6 14AC7CI380AC::0=:430;008G0=6AC7C=G0 I43C0=G04=20?08:4A4B810=60=B40;?030 AC7C I 8:00AA0A4B80?1;0 :630=:6:0; 94=8A;60030;07 K :630=:0;94=8A08 030;07 K :6A4;8A87:0;G0=638B480 :43C01;0030;07 0 K 3 K 1 K 4 K 2 K 49038=G0?4?8=3070=:0;?030AC0BCH0B:04=0 64B00=0B0B=G038A41CB 0 0380A8 3 :=3C:A8 1 :=D4:A8 4 B0A8 2 B0=A;0A8 4?4=6B41060B410;=G0 230=;C0A?4=0 ?0=6=G0 4C:00=G0=6A0BC48;8:8AC7C A430=6:0=G0=6;08=14AC7C 8:0 :=3C:B8D8B0AB40;B41060 A14A0 =G0:0;G0=64010BB80?A4:=030;07 0 K 3 K 1 K 4 K 2 K 8:0AC7C14=30G0=614?8904=9038:0;8A4C;0 4=468G0=638?0=20:0=B80?34B8:B80?A0BC0=;C0A 4=9038 0 :0;8A4C;0 3 :0;8A4C;0 1 :0;8A4C;0 4 :0;8A4C;0 2 :0;8A4C;0 ;0G0=6?4C:00==G078B0A4?C=048;8:8 AC7C :=AB0= 4A0=G0 4=468 G0=6 38?0=20:0=B80?34B8:;47?4C:00=1;0B4A41CB 98:0:=AB0=B0B450=;BH0==K J , 030;07 0 K , 1 K , 2 K , 3 K , 4 K , C014=3078B0G0=6A494=8A0A8=60A8=614AC7C I 30= I 8:0 :43C0 14=30 B4A41CB 40=20:0=4=46830;014=BC:0380A8?410=38=6 0=9C;074=468?434B8:G0=638?0=20:0=030;07 3 1 4 2 030AC7CIA41C07:C1CA764=?0=90=6CAC: CAC:=G0 2 8:0:458A84=C08?0=90=6:C1CA8BC I140?0:07D;C4:C1CA?030AC7C I C04;10900A8=60A8=6?0=90=6=G0 ?030AC7C I0:0=38A01C=6C=BC:414=BC:AC0BC;8=B0A0= :44B0 8:0AC7C0:A8C=G0 I140?0:07;410 24;078=8CG0=670CA38A4380:0=380=B00 A01C=60=4; 030AC7C IA41C071B;148A8?4=C72080=G0=6 D;C4=G0 22 8:0:458A84=C08D;C41B; 30=2080=14BCCBBCCB I30= I 140?0:072080=G0=6BC?0798:038?0=0A:0=A0?08 I 8:4B07C8?0=0A94=8A4A :0;6I?0=0A94=8A 08 :0;6I30=:0;;41C4A :0;68BC=6;07 AC7C0:7820?C0= 64AG0=6AC7C=G0JI14030 30;0:0;84B4G0=6:0?0A8B0A?0=0A=G0 :0;I 38BC0=68 608G0=614AC7C I C0?C;C760AC0BCH0B38148:0; :0;A478=660 AC7C14=30B4A41CB14C107308 I4=9038 I 40?0:07:0;G0=638;4?0A:0=060AC7C14=30 BCC=308 I4=9038 I C7C ?030 :43C0 ?4C:00= :4?8=6 14A8 G0=6 48;8:8;C0A 2 30=B410;2030;07 I30= I 8:0:=3C:B8D8B0A14A8 :0;A2I B4=BC:0=?0=0AG0=63870=B0:0=B80?4=8B 41C07;C10=6:428;?03038=38=6BC=6:C4=G4C?08 14=3078B0 8:0;C0A;C10=6 2 30=AC7C=G0 A0034=60=AC7CBC=6:CG08BC I140?0:0; G0=6380380A8:0=;C10=6A4B80?A4:= ;0G0=6038CA=G0248;8:848A8D8B0A ;0B4A41CB4=G40?4=468:0;308;8=6:C=60= =G034=60=;09C Js 40?0AC7C1;08BC A4:00=6

A. Arus Listrik dan Muatan

B. Hukum Ohm dan Hambatan

C. Rangkaian Seri dan Paralel

D. Hukum II Kirchhoff

E. Sumber Arus Searah dari

Proses Kimiawi

F. Tegangan Listrik Searah dan Bolak-

Balik Listrik Dinamis 0;0708B830:4=90387010B0=10680AF00:0B:B0C=BC: 4;0:C:0=0:B8D8B0A=F00;8=838A4101:0=?4=40=60=;0?C;0?C 3870?8A4C0AC3CB:B0AC307B4?0A0=60?C;0?C8=84C?0:0= 2=B7?40;0B0=30;0:4783C?0=A4708708F0=640=500B:0=4=468 ;8AB8: A4B4;07 38C107 4=9038 4=468 2070F0 0;C 106080=0 4=468 ;8AB8:8=830?0B4=F0;0:0=;0?C=300:0=4?4;0908=F0?030 1018=8 303C094=8A0CA;8AB8:F08BC0CA;8AB8:1;0:10;8:20,2, 300,230=0CA;8AB8:A400702300,20300CA ;8AB8:1;0:10;8:C0B0=;8AB8:4=60;830;03C00071;0:10;8: 30?C=?0300CA;8AB8:A4007C0B0=;8AB8:70=F04=60;830;0 A0BC007=B7?40;0B0=;8AB8:F0=64=66C=0:0=0CAA4007F08BC :0;:C;0B0+-2 -,20- 90 30= ;0?C A4=B4 030 101 8=8 0:0= 38?4;0908 0CA ;8AB8: A4007 430=6:0= 0CA ;8AB8: 1;0:10;8: 0:0= 38?4;0908;418710=F0:38:4;0A. 169 • memformulasikan besaran-besaran listrik rangkaian tertutup sederhana satu loop; • mengidentifikasi penerapan listrik AC dan DC dalam kehidupan sehari-hari; • menggunakan alat ukur listrik. Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu: menerapkan konsep kelistrikan dalam berbagai penyelesaian masalah dan berbagai produk teknologi. Hasil yang harus Anda capai: Nyala lampu pada malam hari, selain berfungsi sebagai penerangan juga menjadi bagian dari keindahan kota. Bab 8 Sumber: Young Scientist,1994 170 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas X 2

A. Arus Listrik dan Muatan

8=30B4;074?4;0908:=A4?:C0B0CA30=B460=60= ;8AB8:0301018=8=300:0=:410;84?4;0908=F0;41874=30;0 ?0:070CA;8AB8:8BC06080=07C1C=60==F034=60=B460=60= ;8AB8:06080=0=304=64B07C814A0=F00CA;8AB8:F0=64=60;8 30;0AC0BC0=6:080=B4BCBC?+=BC:4=90E01?4B0=F00=?4B0=F00= B4A41CB?4;0908AC11018=834=60=A0:A00

1. Pengertian Arus Listrik

031120030;070,+32,12012.1,423202,230;0 AC0BC?4=670=B0C0B0=F0=64=60;8030;074;4:B=4;4:B=F0=6 1410A14640:A4A0;80=0CA;8AB8:88?34=60=0;80=?0=0A308 AC0BC14=3014AC7CB8=668:414=3014AC7C;41874=307;80=?0=0A 0:0=1474=B8A4B4;07:43C0AC7C14=30B4A41CBA00A4B810=6B40; 0;0 0;80= ;8AB8: 9C60 348:80= 98:0 :43C0 B8B8: B4;07 48;8:8 B460=60=A000;80=C0B0=0:0=1474=B8 07?4640:0=4;4:B=14;0E0=0=34=60=0070CA;8AB8:?4 70B8:0=.20;0A41C07?4=670=B0A4AC=66C7=F0?410E0 C0B0= ;8AB8: 030;07 4;4:B= -0;0C?C= 348:80= B4;07 38A4?0:0B8 107E00070CA;8AB8:14;0E0=0=34=60=007640:4;4:B= C0B0=;8AB8:70=F00:0=4=60;830;00=6:080=B4BCBC?030 0=6:080=B4BCBC?A4?4B8?030.2 0:0=B490381430?B4=A80; 0=B00:43C0C9C=6?4=670=B0430?B4=A80;8=8;07F0=64=F4101:0= C0B0=;8AB8:4=60;8B490380CA;8AB8:

2. Kuat Arus Listrik

32031120383458=8A8:0=A410608 ,6,6+32,1206, +,0+1323.,,2012.123123,42342000B40B8A 38BC;8A:0=A410608148:CB K Gambar 8.2 Arus listrik akan mengalir dalam rangkaian tertutup. 4B8:07C90=;410BB49038:8;0B30=B434B4:A80CA;8AB8:A414A0:8;0?444=60;8 30;0E0:BC 8;8A4:=8BC=6C0B0=F0=638?8=307:0=3080E0=14C0B0= ;8AB8::4C8?030A00B8BC 7 8:4B07C8 2 A 2 0:0 2 Contoh 8.1 e e e e I e I e I I I sumber tegangan Gambar 8.1 Arah arus listrik I dan arah elektron e berlawanan arah. -5...1-+2,031342,.3,2+,-30-30-2,54-.5,5-4 Tes Kompetensi Awal ?0:07007640:0CA;8AB8:A400734=60=007640: 4;4:B= 4;0A:0=90E010==30 08?B4=A80;0=0:4?B4=A80;0=0:070CA;8AB8: 4=60;8 C;8A:0=;0750:B50:BF0=644=60C7814A0=F0 AC0BC7010B0=?4=670=B0 4=60?0D;B4B430;0AC0BC0=6:080=70CA 38?0A0=6A4200?00;4; C;8A:0=;072=B7AC14B460=60=;8AB8:F0=6 =30:4B07C8 171 Listrik Dinamis Gambar 8.3 Mengukur kuat arus listrik

3. Mengukur Kuat Arus

+=BC: 4=6C:C :C0B 0CA ;8AB8: 30;0 AC0BC 0=6:080= ;8AB8: 386C=0:0=0?444B40B0C04B44=6C:C0=0CA;8AB8:30;0AC0BC ?4=670=B030?0B38;0:C:0=34=60=2004=67C1C=6:0=0;0BC:C0CA ;8AB8:0?444B4A4200A48A4?4B8?030.2 0041020A:0;00?444B4030;07A410608148:CB 0A8;?4=6C:C0= A:0;0F0=638BC=9C: L10B0AC:C A:0;00:A8C K 058:148:CB4=C=9C::0=:C0B0CAF0=64=60;830;0AC0BC0=6:080=B4BCBC? 430A0:0=6058:B4A41CBB4=BC:0=10=F0:=F0 C0B0=;8AB8:F0=64=60;830;00=6:080= A4;00A?4B0030;0A0BC0=2C;C1 7 I 082 A0?08 2 A38?4;47 2 K A0CA?030A4;0=6E0:BC8=8 14B0107A4200;8=408;080B00B0=F0 030;07A410608148:CB 8;010B8CA4:;07180A0=F0386C=0:0=0?444B4C=BC:4=6C:C:C0B0CA 030AC0BC?4=6C:C0=0CA;8AB8:3830?0B30B0A4?4B838BC=9C::0=?0306010148:CB 4=BC:0=70A8;?4=6C:C0=0?444B4B4A41CB Contoh 8.2 Contoh 8.3 0202 C;07C0B0==F0 2 A I 082AA0?082A38?4;47 2 AKA ACA?030A4;0=6E0:BC 8=8B4B0? C;07C0B0==F0 2 A 0389C;07C0B0=F0=64=60;84;0;C80=6:080=A4;00A030;07

4. Mengukur Beda Potensial

+=BC:4=6C:C14A01430?B4=A80;0B0CB460=60=380=B00C9C=6C9C=6 ?4=670=B0386C=0:0=D;B4B4F0=6380=6:08:0=A4?4B8?030.2 Gambar 8.4 Cara mengukur beda potensial. voltmeter P Q lampu arus listrik baterai + – arus listrik lampu P Q voltmeter baterai × V – + sumber tegangan lampu amperemeter A A 038C0B0=F0=638?8=307:0=030;07 A0B0C 70 100 0,5 A 7 =50A8F0=638?4;473086010B4A41CBF08BCA:0;0 F0=638BC=9C: A:0;00:A8C 10B0AC:C0= 0A8;?4=6C:C0= L 03870A8;?4=6C:C0==F0 IA ts 6 4 2 2 4