198
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas X
94=8A=F0 38C:C 34=60=
?444B4
3894;0A:0=;47
C:C 827755
38C:C 34=60=
,;B4B4 A8;A:?
3878BC=6 34=60=
C:C 7
B49038?030
:?=4==F0
0=6:080= 4BCBC?
CA8AB8: 342,.3
4?4;0908
38?4=60C78;47
C14 460=60=
38?4=60C78;47
010B0=
C0A C7C
4=8A
38A41CB
0=90=6
010B0= 4=8A
460=60=
3878BC=6 34=60=
3878BC=6 34=60=
Peta Konsep
4=CCBC:C7141C=F8B460=60= 0B0C1430?B4=A80;0C0BC?4=670=B0;8AB8:
A410=38=634=60=0CA;8AB8:F0=64=60;8 4;0;C8?4=670=B0B4A41CB410=38=60=
=F0A4;0;C:=AB0=F0=638A41CBA41060870 10B0=
010B0=AC0BC4A8AB1460=BC=6?030 ?0=90=6 ;C0A ?4=0?0=6 30= 7010B0=
94=8A 010B0= 94=8A 1070= 1460=BC=6 ?030AC7C
C:C 827755 4=F0B0:0= 107E0 9C;07 0CA ;8AB8: F0=6 0AC: ?030 AC0BC
B8B8:?42010=60=A0034=60=9C;070CA ;8AB8:F0=6:4;C0308B8B8:2010=6B4A41CB
C:C 827755 4=F0B0:0= 107E0 9C;07 0;9010 ?4C1070= B460=60= F0=6
4=64;8;8=68AC0BC0=6:080=B4BCBC?;? A0034=60==;
Setelah mempelajari bab ini, tentunya Anda dapat membuat rangkaian sederhana dan menganalisisnya
menggunakan Hukum Kirchhoff. Dapatkah Anda mengidentifikasi alat-alat listrik di rumah yang
menggunakan listrikAC dan DC? Materi manakah yang masih Anda anggap sulit? Diskusikan materi tersebut
dengan teman-teman Anda atau dengan guru Fisika Anda.
Refleksi
199
Listrik Dinamis
--3-345+781-414,2+,-15,5-4 010B0=;8AB8:30;0AC0BC:0E0B030;070
10B0=8=80:0=4=9038 0 98:0?4=0?0=6=F03860=30:0=
1 98:0?0=90=6=F03860=30:0=
2 98:0AC7C=F03860=30:0= 3
98:0908908=F03860=30:0= 4 98:03804B4=F03860=30:0=
0300=6:080=A4?4B8 601066;10B408,
30=7010B0=30;0 =F0
C0B0CAF0=64=60;8?0307010B0= 030;07
3 1
4 2
49C;07:0E0B3081070=F0=6A0048;8:8 3804B4A00B4B0?8?0=90=6=F0
B830:A00 8:0 38;0:C:0=?4=6C:C0=7010B0=:0E0BB4A41CB
30=70A8;=F038BC0=6:0=30;06058:70:0= 24=34C=6A4?4B8
1 2
3 4
Rohm
IA
1 2
3 4
5 4
3 2
1 A 5 A
1
2 2
3 2
470B8:0=6010148:CB C0B0CAF0=6A430=638C:C14A0=F0
030;07 3
1 4
2 C0BC0?444B4147010B0=30;0
8:0 0?444B48BC38?0A0=6?030AC14B460=60=
,
F0=6 48;8:8 7010B0= 30;0 B4=F0B0 4=C=9C::0=0CA 8:0AC0BC7010B0=
38?0A0=6?00;4;?0300?444B48BC0?444B48BC 0:0=4=C=9C::0=0CA30;0
3 1
4 2
C1C=60=A0BC0=148:CBF0=614=0030;07 0
0?44
9C;4 34B8:
1
=4EB= D;B
2C;1 7
2
2C;1 D;B
34B8:
4
0?44 34B8:
2C;1 3
D;B =4EB=
4B4 2C;1
C0BC?42100=;8AB8:38;0:C:0=34=60=4=6C107 C1077010B0=?0301430?B4=A80;F0=6B4B0?
058:7C1C=60=:C0B0CA30=7010B0=70A8; ?42100=B4A41CB38BC=9C::0=;476058:
IA Rohm
IA Rohm
I R
I R
I R
I R
I R
IA Rohm
Rohm IA
3 3
3 3
3
0=6:080=7010B0=A4?4B8 ?03060104=670A8;:0=
7010B0=BB0;A414A0 3
1 4
2 801C077010B0=38
0=6:08A4?4B86010 148:CB
010B0=?4=660=B80=B00030=1030;07 3
1 4
2
a b
3 9
18 10
6
2 3
4 2
6
470B8:0=6010148:CB C0B0CAF0=64;0;C8
7010B0= ?030
6010B4A41CB030;07 3
1 4
2 4A4380B860;0?C?890F0=60A8=60A8=614B0=30
,
-30=AC14B460=60= ,60 3870A8;:0==F0;0;0?C -;0?C;0?C8BC70CA
387C1C=6:0=34=60=AC14B460=60=34=60=200 0 3C0;0?C38ACAC=?00;4;
1 3C0;0?C38ACAC=A48
Tes Kompetensi Bab 8
200
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas X
010148:CB8=84=C= 9C::0= AC0BC 0=6:08 0CA
A4007 4A0 7010B0= 30;0 0
030;07 2 B860;0?C38ACAC=A48
3 B860;0?C38ACAC=?00;4; 4 A0BC;0?C38ACAC=?00;4;34=60=3C0;0?C
;08=F0=638ACAC=A48
20 30
baterai R = 2
I = 2 A r
E = 20 V
5 6
12 R
8 G
80 1C07 ;0?C 34=60= 7010B0=A0038ACAC=A4?4B8
?0306010 030B460=60=AC14
,
B4=F0B04=670A8;:0=:C0B
L1 L2
L5 L3
L4 + –
V
0CA 0?CF0=648;8:84=468;8AB8:?0;8=6 14A0A4B4;07
A030;07J
3 1
4 2
470B8:0=0=6:080=148:CB 8:00CA;8AB8:F0=64=60;8
4;0;C8 7010B0= 030;07
:C0B0CAF0=6
4;4E0B87010B0= 030;07
3 1
4 2
470B8:0=0=6:080=148:CB 460=60=0=B00B8B8:30=
?0300=6:080=B4A41CB
A B
8 V 2 V
3 V 2
2
030;07, 0 ,
3 , 1
,
4
, 2 ,
41C070:848;8:866;
,30=7010B0=30;0 8:00:88=8388A834=60=0CA
B460=60=0=B00
:43C0B48=0;=F0030;07 0
,
3
, 1
,
4
, 2
,
3 1
4 2
0304;44=4;4:B:880A4;00B4903840:A8:880 0:0=B49038?4C1070=4=4684=90384=468
0 ;8AB8::880 3 ;8AB8::0;
1 :0;4:0=8: 4 :880:0;
2 :880;8AB8: 470B8:0=6010148:CB
8:0A4E0:BC387C1C=6 :0=34=60=10B408B4
=F0B060;D0=4B44 =C=9C::0=0=6:0=;
0:0=8;087010B0=030;07 3
1 4
2 4A40=640:08A4B8:0;8AB8:F0=614BC;8A:0=
- ,4B8:0B4A41CB38?0A0=6?030B460=60= ,A4;0090=468;8AB8:F0=6B4?0:08;47
A4B8:0;8AB8:8BC030;07 0 L
3 L 1 L
4
L 2
L
41C071;0;0?C14C:C0= , - 8:074=30: 38?0A0=6?030AC14B460=60=
,34=60=30F0B4B0?
;0?C70CA380=6:08:0=A4834=60=7010B0= 3
1 4
2 860?B=6:0E0BF0=6A00B410;30=A00?0=90=6
14BCCBBCCBB41C0B30814A8109030=B4106038 A01C=64=9038A0BC=B00:43C0C9C=6:0E0B38148
1430?B4=A80;
, 8:07010B0=94=8A0A8=60A8=6 030;07
K
L
K
30=
L
K
78BC=61430?B4=A80;0=B00:43C0C9C=6A4B80?:0E0B 470B8:0=6010148:CB
0 8BC=6 30=
1 40?0
01
7-12482,54414 1 8:07010B0=:0E0B?4B00778BC=6
7010B0=?4=660=B8ACAC=0=:0E0B8=8 470B8:0=0=6:080=;8AB8:?0306014148:CB
8BC=6;07 30=
C0 1C07 ;0?C ;8AB8: 0A8=60A8=6 34=60= A?4A858:0A8
,
-30=
, -38ACAC=A48
30= 387C1C=6:0= :4 AC14 B460=60=
, 4=BC:0=
0 :C0B0CAF0=64=60;830;00=6:080= 1 30F038A8?0A8?030;0?C
,
-
2 30F038A8?0A8?030;0?C
, -
32 V a
b c
15 V d
10 5
4 I
3
I
1
I
2
a
b 6 V
10 V 8 V
I
3
I
1
I
2
2 4
860 1C07 :0E0B 38ACAC= ?00;4; 410=38=60= ?4=0?0=6:4B860:0E0BB4A41CB030;07
A430=6:0=?410=38=60=?0=90=6=F0 0 8BC=60CA?030:0E0B:430=:498:0:0E0B
?4B00
201
Tes Kompetensi Fisika Semester 2
A. Spektrum Gelombang
Elektromagnetik
B. Jenis-Jenis Gelombang
Elektromagnetik
Gelombang Elektromagnetik
5F1B1995A11C5;??79411=;5894D1B581A981A981=9A C1; 411C 499B18;1 9 411= =575=217;1 C5;??79 DCD;
;5894D1=1DB919B9;121G1;=5=57175A115C97CD49 C5C1775?=21721G1;=5189A;1C5;??79C5;??7921ADG17
B171C25A=1611C2179;5894D1=1DB91 11= 29417 C55;?=D9;1B9 575C18D1 C5C17 75?=217
55;CA?=175C9;B171C495AD;155E9B9A149?C55?B5D5A41 A9B5CD1A17;1B1B5=D1G1=5=1611C;175?=21755;CA?=175C9;
1;1875?=21755;CA?=175C9;9CD9=1611C;1411=11B1:1 75?=217 55;CA?=175C9; C5AB52DC 141 212 99 41 1;1
=5=51:1A9 75?=217 55;CA?=175C9; B5AC1 19;1B9G1 411= ;5894D1 B581A981A9 58 ;1A51 9CD 51:1A918 212 99 B531A1
B1;B1=1
• mendeskripsikan spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik;
• menjelaskan aplikasi gelombang elektromagnetik pada kehidupan sehari-hari.
Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu:
memahami konsep dan prinsip gelombang elektromagnetik.
Hasil yang harus Anda capai:
Teknologi satelit, unsur penting pendukung arus komunikasi dan informasi dunia masa kini.
Bab
9
Sumber:
www.boeing.com.
201
202
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas X
A. Spektrum Gelombang Elektromagnetik
1411241C518=5=51:1A93181G1B5AC1B961CB961CG1181G1 =5AD1;175?=21755;CA?=175C9;1;1875?=21755;CA?=175C9;
9CD5?=21755;CA?=175C9;=5=99;9;5D9;15?=21755;CA? =175C9;411C25AB961CB55AC975?=217C5C19411C:D7125AB961C1AC9;5
5?=21755;CA?=175C9;491=1C9;195AC1=1?5869B9;1F141 =1C5=1C9;1F1 -2 ,1+ 65,,
K
65,,
=57D7;1;1218F13181G114118?B91B955A791C1A19BCA9;41 =175C 4571 =55=1C;1 81B9 55=D1 , 17
K
;5 411= 25CD; =1C5=1C9;1 5=D491 75?=217 55;CA?=175C9; 49217;9C;1 41 4945C5;B9 B531A1 5;B5A9=5 ?58
.1138
K
4511C18DB5C51865,,=59771 5?=21755;CA?=175C9;=5A1=21CC11=549D=5A1C1A155AC9
81G175?=2173181G175?=21755;CA?=175C9;411C=5711=9 A565;B95=1CD1A56A1;B95=291B1419C5A65A5B9
11= 5A3?211G1 138 =5=217;9C;1 75?=217 G17 =5=99;9 6A5;D5B9
H 5?=217 99 49B52DC 75?=217 A149? 5;1A176A5;D5B9411=A5C1799497D1;1DCD;=5CA1B=9B9;1
B9G1 C55E9B9 41 A149? 5?=217 B52DC1 DCD; 75?=217 55;CA?=175C9; C518 4945C5;B9 411= A5C17 6A5;D5B9 G17 521A
5A5C1 6A5;D5B9 75?=217 99 49B52DC B5;CAD= 75?=217 55;CA?=175C9;B55AC9C5A981C141-125A9;DC
5?=217 A149? 41 75?=217 =9;A? 411C 492D1C B531A1 5;B5A9=5=577D1;111C5?=21775?=21745716A5;D5B9
994175?=21719G14981B9;1?58A?B5BA?B5B11=9B55AC9 5=9B941A91C?=1C?==?5;D=?5;D41D;5DB141D=D=G1
75?=2174981B9;1?585A351C155;CA?55;CA?1C1D1AC9;5 1AC9;525A=D1C119G1
5A41B1A;1A5C176A5;D5B9G175?=217411C4921791C1B 2525A11:59B491C1A1G114118
,
, ,81G1497D1;1?58;11B51=41DCD;=5719A;11ADB
141:1A9719BCA9;5219;G1577D11DC1=1G114118DCD; =5=21F1 2DG9 25A6A5;D5B9 A5418 1C1D B5417 C5A=1BD; 75C1A1
96A1B?9;G174981B9;1291C17,=5AD1;15=21F12DG9
Gambar 9.1
Spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik.
,4---0,1+.20,-.,+1-.3++1+.,2,2,1+43,-4+4,3.
Tes Kompetensi Awal
1G1741;5C18D9C5C1775?=21755;CA? =175C9;
5711 3181G1 C5A=1BD; 75?=217 55;CA? =175C9;
51B;121719=1175?=217A149?411C49131A ;1=51D919B19??B65A
1;18BD1A11411875?=21755;CA?=175C9; 9;12D;175?=21711;18BD1A19CD
Tokoh
Guglielmo Marconi
1874 – 1937
Guglielmo Marconi gagal dalam pe-
nerimaan mahasiswa di Universitas Bologna, Italia, tetapi ayahnya dapat
mengatur untuk memasukkannya ke dalam kuliah-kuliah dan laboratorium.
Setelah belajar mengenai percobaan- percobaan dengan radio, ia membuat
ruang kerja di loteng rumahnya. Marconi sebenarnya tidak menemukan hal
baru, karena gelombang radio telah ditemukan sebelumnya. Bahkan,
desain alat pengirim dan penerima meniru penemuan ilmuwan lainnya.
Anak muda ini berpikir tentang ke- gunaan baru dari gelombang radio. Ia me-
nyadari bahwa ia dapat menggunakan gelombang radio untuk mengirim
pesan-pesan tanpa melalui kawat. Tak seorang pun sebelumnya memikirkan
hal tersebut.
Sumber:
Eureka, 2000
Gelombang radio Gelombang micro
misal: radar Inframerah
Ultraviolet Sinar-X
Sinar gamma Telepon
seluler Frekuensi
Sinar tampak
Sinar tampak Radio
AM TV FM TV
Panjang gelombang m
60 Hz 10
2
10
4
10
6
10
8
10
10
10
12
10
14
10
16
10
18
10
20
10
2
3 × 10
4
m 10
6
3 10
10
3 × 10
–4
m 10
14
3 × 10
–8
m 10
18
3 × 10
–12
m
203
Gelombang Elektromagnetik
B1=19 B5;9C1A ;H , :D71 497D1;1 ;?=D9;1B9 :1A1; :1D8 2525A11A92D;9?=5C5A41DCD;5;B5A9=5?581A19=DF1
497D1;1 DCD; CD:D1 B91A1 A579?1 B5417;1 497D1;1DCD;B91A19C5A1B9?1 81G1
=5=99;9A5C176A5;D5B91C1A1
HB1=19 HG1749;51 457175?=217545;5?=217545;497D1;1?58B5=D1
1G11A149?41?5A1C?ADCD;;?=D9;1B9:1A1;:1D8B91A141?5A1B9 A141ACA1B8?A9H?
,41+=D1941A9 HB1=19491C1B
H41497D1 ;1DCD;B91A1C55E9B941A149?:D71DCD;;?=D9;1B9C55?B5D5A
91C1B6A5;D5B99941C5=D;175?=217=9;A?5?=217 9925A1B141A911C11CAD=18C1771B55AC9?
5;CAD=B51:DCG114118B91A96A1=5A18B91AC1=1;41B91A DCA1E9?5C5=D491141B5;CAD=C5A1;89A1949C5=D;1B91A
41B91A D2D711C1A16A5;D5B91:1775?=217 41351C
A1=21C3181G114118
149?5=131A411C49C17;11416A5;D5B9
H5A111:17 75?=217A149?5=131A9CD
5 9;5C18D9
H
L H
L =B
+CD;=5G55B19;1G17D1;112-.;
c f
=1;1
c f
L
=B L
H
= 1491:1775?=217A149?5=131A14118
=
c f
K 5C5A171
351CA1=21C3181G1L =B
1:1775?=217=5C5A 6A5;D5B985ACH
Tes Kompetensi Subbab
A
1+.,,-4+4,3.
1G1749=1;BD4457175?=21755;CA? =175C9;15A25411G1457175?=217
=5;19; 1G1749=1;BD44571B5;CAD=75?=217
55;CA?=175C9; 141B5;CAD=75?=21755;CA?=175C9;
C5A411C25A=131==131=:59B75?=217 G17 492541;1 25A41B1A;1 6A5;D5B9G1
51B;1B5C91B5;CAD=25B5AC119;1B9G1 411=C5;??79
5CD;118 1:17 75?=217 55;CA? =175C9; 49 411= AD17 81=1 :9;1 49
;5C18D96A5;D5B975?=217C5AB52DCH
Contoh
9.1
Kata Kunci
• gelombang elektromagnetik
• spektrum
• Extra Low Frequency ELF
• Very Low Frequency VLF
• Medium Frequency MF
• High Frequency HF
• Very High Frequency VHF
• Ultra High Frequency UHF
• sinar inframerah
• sinar tampak
• sinar ultraviolet
• sinar-X
• sinar gamma
