189
Listrik Dinamis
E. Sumber Arus Searah dari Proses Kimiawi
=30C=6:8=?4=074;870B30=4=64=0;10B408F0=6386C=0:0= ?0309038=38=60B0C?030038=309C60C=6:8=?4=074=64=0;
A4:4;?:0AF00:0B38AC0BC30407B4?4=28;F0=64=66C=0:0=A4; 5BD;B08: A410608 AC14 0CA ;8AB8: C=BC: ?4=40=60= 4C0 8BC
4C?0:0=AC140CAA4007 C140CAA400738A41CB9C60AC14B460=60=A4007A41010CA38
B81C;:0=;47AC14B460=60=48:CB2=B7AC14AC140CA;8AB8: C14 4;4:B06=4B8: 30?0B 4=670A8;:0= 0CA ;8AB8: :04=0
6490;08=3C:A84;4:B06=4B8:8A0;=F038=038?4;870B:0=?030
.2
C14;8AB8:B44;4:B8:0CA;8AB8:30?0B3870A8;:0=308454: B44;4:B8:
C145B;8AB8:140A0;308AC0BC?A4A8A8:0F0=64=6C107 4=4682070F04=90384=468;8AB8:
C14?84G4;4:B8:3870A8;:0=308454:?84G4;4:B8:F08BCA850B 1070=F0=60?018;04=480B4:0=0=308;C030?0B4=670A8;:0=
0CA;8AB8:
1. Sumber Listrik dari Bahan Kimia
4=4C0=AC140CA;8AB8:3081070=:880380E0;8;478;CE0= B0;805-6
K
04=4C:0=107E0BBBB:0B0:
F0=6AC3070B84=F4=B0:98:038A4=BC734=60=3C0;60F0=6141430 4:410=60=148:CB=F0-33200-44=4C:0=10B4084;44=
:48=6?4B00383C=80 4:00=6AC140CA;8AB8:3081070=:8804C?0:0=AC14
0CA;8AB8:F0=610=F0:386C=0:0=C140CA;8AB8:3081070=:880 381430:0=A410608148:CB
+,.0+0F08BC4;44=F0=644;C:0=?460=B80=1070= 1070= ?440:A8 A4B4;07 41410A:0= A49C;07 4=468 4;0;C8
0=6:080=;C0=F0;44=?848=84=66C=0:0=1070=:880 F0=640:A8:880=F0B0:30?0B3810;8::0=A478=6604;44=?84
70=F030?0B386C=0:0=A0BC:0;8?40:080==B7=F0A4;,;B0 30=4;44=:48=610B408
+,13,0F08BC4;44=F0=61070=1070=?440:A8=F030?0B 38?410C8:410;8A4B4;07B830:145C=6A8;068=B7=F00:CC;0B
30=10B4088A8C;0=6
a. Elemen Primer
;44=8=810=F0:020=F048:CB8=814140?0AC140CA;8AB8: F0=6B46;=6A4106084;44=?84
-.0-4 ;44=,;B038B4C:0=;47-33200-40-44=4C:0=
107E01410608;6030=;0CB0=0A00B0C60030?0B386C=0:0= A4106084;44=A43470=0:0=B4B0?8180A0=F0F0=6386C=0:0=80;07
;4?4=6 A4=6 = F0=6 3824;C?:0= :4 30;0 ;0CB0= 0A0 AC;50B .24=C=9C::0=4;44=,;B0
A4A:880F0=6B49038?0304;44=,;B030?0B3894;0A:0=34=60= ?4A000=:880148:CB
K
Gambar 8.18
Dinamo atau generator adalah contoh dari sumber
elektromagnetik. magnet
kumparan komutator
Gambar 8.19
Elemen Volta aliran elektron
kutub Cu
Zn Larutan
asam sulfat
encer arus
arus
190
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas X
Gambar 8.21
Bagian-bagian akumulator asam sulfat.
tutup lubang atas
terminal
pelat logam
pelat oksida
lapisan pemisah
asam sulfat
Gambar 8.20
Susunan dasar sebuah elemen kering.
tutup kuningan
batang karbon
seng
pasta kimia
4B80?;4:C;0A0AC;50B3830;008?42074=90388=78364= F0=614C0B0=?A8B8530=
8=
F0=614C0B0==460B85BA4=6 F0=64;0CB:430;0;0CB0=0A0AC;50B14C?0=
4B80?0BF0=6 ;0CB4=8=660;:0=3C04;4:B=?030;4?4=6A4=6;4:B=4;4:B=
8=8;07F0=64=60;8308A4=6:4B41060C4;0;C8:0E0B?4=670=B0 A478=660B490380CA;8AB8:
-.24542 ;44=:48=60B0C;418738:4=0;34=60=8AB8;0710BC10B4084C?0
:0=AC140CA;8AB8:F0=6?0;8=610=F0:386C=0:0=.2 4 =C=9C::0=6010ACAC=0=30A0A41C074;44=:48=6
CBC1?A8B854;44=:48=6B41C0B308:01=F0=638:4;8;8=688=B8F0=6 B41C0B30820?C0=:A8300=60=30=00=6F0=6380?0B:0=CBC1
=460B854;44=:48=6B41C0B308A4=6F0=6A4:0;86CA4=9038E0307F0=6 148A8A4020?0AB00=8C:;8300?C0=:A8300=60=30=:01=
38A4:4;8;8=610B0=6:01=14B8=30:A41060834?;08A0B?4=246070= ?4=6:CBC10=
b. Elemen Sekunder
;44=A4:C=34030;07AC140CA3081070=:880F0=640:A8 :880=F030?0B3810;8:;47:04=0=F04;44=8=830?0B38?41070C8
A420014C;0=6C;0=60;07A0BC2=B74;44=8=8F0=6?0;8=638:4=0; 380AF00:0B030;070:CC;0B0B0C0:8
0;01018=80:0=381070A3C01C072=B74;44=A4:C=34F08BC 0:CC;0BB810;0A0AC;50B30=0:CC;0B=8:4;:038C
,5.5-402 .-3.5-4 :CC;0B8=810=F0:38B4C:0=?0304A8=A4?430B18;0B0C
?0304A8=4A8=F0=6;08=A410608AC14;8AB8:0300:CC;0B94=8A 8=81070=;0CB0=4;4:B;8BF0=6386C=0:0=030;070A0AC;50BBC;07
A4101=F00:CC;0B94=8A8=838A41CB9C600:CC;0B0A0AC;50B0680= 10680=0:CC;0B0A0AC;50B38BC=9C::0=?030.2
03030A0=F00303C0?A4A?4=B8=630;00:CC;0B4B00 ?A4A?4=68A80=0:CC;0B30=:43C0?A4A?4=66C=00=0:CC;0B
030?A4A?4=68A80=0:CC;0BA49C;070CA;8AB8:380;8:0=?030 0:CC;0BA4348:80=78=66014C1074=90384=468:880830;0
0:CC;0B;0CB0=4;4:B;8B B4C084=9038
30= 40:A8
:880F0=6B49038?030?A4A?4=68A80=030;07A410608148:CB I 8:0B34
1 4
K
1 I 80=34
1
K
1 4
K
030?A4A?4=68A80=8=380;8:0=:4:0B3030=8=AC;50B380;8:0= :40=3030?C=?030?A4A?40:080=:43C04;4:B30387C1C=6:0=
A478=660B490380;80=4;4:B=3084;4:B3014;0;C81410=8A0;=F0 ;0?C:44;4:B301
030?A4A?40:080=3830;00:CC;0B 0:0=B4903840:A8:880A410608148:CB
I =?A8B850:0=14640:4=C9C1 A478=660B4903840:A8
11 1
4?8=61 14C1074=9038B810;AC;50B1
191
Listrik Dinamis
2 I =
14640:4=C9C:41A478=660B4903840:A8 1
K
1 4
K
4?8=619C6014C1074=9038B810;AC;50B1 43C040:A8B4A41CBB4CA14;0=9CBA0?08:43C04;4:B304=9038
B810;AC;50B4B4;07:40300=8=8B420?08B830:030;0680;80=4;4:B= B830: 030 0CA F0=6 4=60;84=60= 348:80= 0:CC;0B B830:
145C=6A8;068 ,5.5-402,-.5.
0300:CC;0B8=81070=4;4:B;8BF0=6386C=0:0=030;07:0;8C 783:A830CBC1?A8B85=F0 030;07=8:4;30=:CBC1=460B85=F0 030;07
20?C0=;60:038C:CC;0B=8:4;:038C10=F0:381C0B 34=60=14=BC:A4?4B84;44=:48=6 B4B0?87060=F090C7;4187070;
308?03010B408180A04C=BC=60==F080;0730?0B38;0:C:0=?4=68A80=C;0=6 30=38A8?0=;00
Tes Kompetensi Subbab
E
2+,--.5,5-4 41CB:0=AC14AC140CA;8AB8:
?0 F0=6 380:AC3 4;44= ?84 30= 4;44= A4:C=3441CB:0=2=B72=B7=F0
C;8A:0=40:0A8:880F0=6B490383830;04;44=,;B0 4;0A:0=F0=6380:AC3?A4A?4=68A80=30=?A4A
?4=66C=00=0:CC;0B C;8A:0=40:A8:880F0=6B4903838:0B3430=38
0=34?030?A4A?4=68A80=0:CC;0B
F. Tegangan Listrik Searah dan Bolak-Balik
1. Energi Listrik
=30B4;074=64B07C8107E00CA;8AB8:4=60;8308?B4=A80; B8=668:4?B4=A80;F0=6;41874=3074;08=8BC4;4:B=A410608?410E0
C0B0=;8AB8:44;C:0=4=468C=BC:14?8=307F0:=84=468?B4=A80; F0=614A0=F0C0B0=38:0;8?B4=A80;;8AB8:=F0
.
;47:04=08BC4=468;8AB8:030;07CA070C=BC:48=307:0= C0B0=;8AB8:B4A41CB4A0=F04=468;8AB8:B4A41CB030;07
.
K
.
K K
2 0B0C
K 2
030;0714A04=468;8AB8:030;07B460=60=030;07:C0B0CA ;8AB8:30=2030;07E0:BC 8:04=AC1AB8BCA8:0= ?4A000=
K
4=9038 K
K
Kata Kunci
• proses kimiawi
• elektromagnetik
• termoelektrik
• fotolistrik
• piezoelektrik
• elemen primer
• elemen sekunder
I =
q J
maka q = I t
Ingatlah
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