The Definition of Task
b Learners are interactors and negotiators who are capable of giving as
well as taking. c
Learners are listeners and performers who have little control over the content of learning.
d Learners are involved in a process of personal growth.
e Learners are involved in social activities, and the social and
interpersonal roles of learners cannot be divorced from psychological learning processes.
f Learners must take responsibility for his or her own learning,
developing autonomy and skills in learning-how-to-learn. 5
Settings According to Nunan 2004: 70, settings refer to the classroom
management specified or implied in the task. It is also requires consideration of whether the task is to be carried out wholly or partly
outside the classroom. Based on this argument, it can be said that settings include the seating arrangement such as U-shape, semi-circle, or classic
arrangement. Besides, the way the tasks are being done by students, whether individually, in pairs, in small group, or the big group is also
included in the settings.