Task Continuity Unit Design Development
In addition, Nunan 2004: 44 states that the most useful goal statements are those that relate to the students not the teacher, and those
that are couched in terms of observable performance. 2
Input Input refers to the spoken, written, and visual data that the learners
work with in the course of completing task Nunan, 2004: 47. Teachers, textbooks, or some other sources can provide the data for the input.
Related to the teaching and learning of English in the classroom, teachers should provide the input which is authentic and appropriate with the
proficiency level and interest of the students. 3
Procedures Nunan 2004: 52 defines procedures as what learners will actually do
with the input that forms the point of departure for the learning task. 4
Teacher and learner roles Nunan 2004: 64 defines role as the part that learners and teachers are
expected to play in carrying out learning tasks as well as the social and interpersonal relationship between the participants. Breen and Candlin
1980, in Nunan, 2004: 67 state that there are three main roles of the teacher in the communicative classroom: a act as the facilitator, b act as
the participant, and c act as the observer and learner. Besides, Nunan 2004: 65 states the learner roles are as follows.
a Learners are passive recipient of outside stimuli.
b Learners are interactors and negotiators who are capable of giving as
well as taking. c
Learners are listeners and performers who have little control over the content of learning.
d Learners are involved in a process of personal growth.
e Learners are involved in social activities, and the social and
interpersonal roles of learners cannot be divorced from psychological learning processes.
f Learners must take responsibility for his or her own learning,
developing autonomy and skills in learning-how-to-learn. 5
Settings According to Nunan 2004: 70, settings refer to the classroom
management specified or implied in the task. It is also requires consideration of whether the task is to be carried out wholly or partly
outside the classroom. Based on this argument, it can be said that settings include the seating arrangement such as U-shape, semi-circle, or classic
arrangement. Besides, the way the tasks are being done by students, whether individually, in pairs, in small group, or the big group is also
included in the settings.