2 Giving a sign on the sentence that contain complex sentence in the novel
Mirror Image and its Indonesian translation. 3
Interpreting the complex sentence that contained in the novel Mirror Image and matches with its Indonesian translation.
4 Classifying the sentences based on the type of complex sentences.
5 Concluding the data.
3. Instrument of the Research
In this study, The instrument is the writer herself as the main instrument to obtain qualitative data about the methods translation of complex sentences and
equivalence of meaning by reading and analyzing the novel Mirror Image by Danielle Steel and also from other sources that can provide useful information for
this research. However, in conducting this study, the writer was supported by some equipment such as the supporting library of the research and internet.
4. The Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis in this study is novel Mirror Image by Danielle Steel, and its translation with the same title, Mirror Image translated by Ade Dina Sigarlaki.
The original novel that the writer used published in New York 1998 and the translation published in 2008 and the publisher is PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
5. Time and Place of the Study
As a descriptive research that used a novel as the object of research, this
research can be classified as library research. Therefore, this research can be implemented in various places, especially in the various college libraries in
Jakarta. While the execution time ranging from December 2013.
9
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Previous Research
This is not the only research of complex sentences because the writer found other relevant researches. They are; An Analysis of Indonesian Translation of
Complex Sentences in The Short Story Entitled “Sherlock Holmes: The Dancing Men” By Arthur Conan Doyle by Rahman 2006, Analisis Terjemahan Kalimat
Majemuk Bahasa Indonesia ke dalam Bahasa Inggris dalam Roman Belenggu Versi Bahasa Inggris Terjemahan John H. Meglyn by Rananingsih 2004.
The first study is entitled An Analysis of Indonesian Translation of Complex Sentences in The Short Story Entitled “Sherlock Holmes: The Dancing Men” By
Arthur Conan Doyle by Rahman 2006. The focus is on analyzed the accuracy and strategy in English Complex Sentences. Translation at the novel entitled
“Sherlock Holmes : The Dancing Man”. On his research, he included that there are 36 of complex sentences found in the novel 50 are translated into simple
sentences, 22 are translated into two simple sentences or more, 20 are omitted, 4 are translated into compound sentences, and the rest 2 are translated into
compoundcomplex sentences. Rahman look on discussion that 58 among 50 data in the novel are translated correctly, and 42 of them are translated
incorrectly by the translator. The important result that are found in her thesis are the translator does not have enough capability to translate the complex sentences
in the novel, so the result of translation is not good because the translator does not
used “good” harmony with the principle of Indonesian. Sometimes, the usage of prefix, conjunction, and second singular personal pronoun in that translation is not
appropriate. In addition, the translator sometimes throws the important word a way in translating the sentences. Consequently; the translation loses its meaning.
1
The second is entitled Analisis Terjemahan Kalimat Majemuk Bahasa Indonesia ke dalam Bahasa Inggris dalam Roman Belenggu Versi Bahasa Inggris
Terjemahan John H. Meglyn by Rananingsih 2004. The focus is on uses 50 from the population or 75 complex sentences from population as her sample to
answer her problem statement. The important result are found from research are : Most of the data are translated by free translation there are 48 sentences = 64
from the data, and the residues are translated by word-for-word translation there are 27 sentences = 36 from the data. Then she finds that the structural changes
occurred here. From her data, are a lot of complex sentences which change their structure in the TL. But she concludes that it does not influence the meaning that
wants to be conveyed by writer of the SL to the readers. It means that almost of data are translated correctly 97,3 and just 2,7 from the data are translated
incorrectly.
2
While, the writer has similar analyzing but the data and data source is different. In this research, the writer focuses on the analysis of complex sentences
translation and uses the data as the data source.
1
Rahman, An Analysis of Indonesian Translation of Complex Sentences in The Short Story Entitled “Sherlock Holmes: The Dancing Men” By Arthur Conan Doyle, UNY,2006, P. 7,
2
Rananingsih, Analisis Terjemahan Kalimat Majemuk Bahasa Indonesia ke dalam Bahasa Inggris dalam Roman Belenggu Versi Bahasa Inggris Terjemahan John H. Meglyn, Surabaya:UNES, 2004, p. 9
B. Translation
1. The Definition of Translation
Translation is “related parties in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language massage, first in terms of
meaning and secondly in terms of style”.
3
It means, the first focus of translation is transferring message of the source language to the target language. Moreover,
transferring message is same with doing communication receptor language word like in the statement above has meaning that translation consists of
communication activity. Similar to statement above, Larson said that “translation focusing on
transferring meaning of source language to target language by the semantic structure”.
4
It means that the important thing in translation is transferring meaning, in order to make the reader of the target language easy to understand.
So, doesn`t matter if the original form of the source language is changed. Statements below are definition about translation from other authorities,
there are: 1.
“A process if finding a TL target language equivalent for an SL source language utterance”.
5
2. “An act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and
linguistic boundaries, another act of communication which may have
3
Eugine A. Nida and Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1969, p. 12
4
M. L. Larson “Meaning-Based Translation. A guide to cross-Language Equivalence,” in Frans
Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia Tanggerang: Pustaka anak negeri, Tanggerang, 2009, p. 8.
5
Ibid,p. 9.
been intended for differe nt proposes and different readershearers”.
6
3. “Sebuah bentuk umum yang mengacu pada pemindahan pemikiran dan ide
dari satu bahasa sumber ke bahasa yang lain sasaran, baik bahasa itu dalam bentuk tertulis ataupun dalam bentuk lisan, baik bahasa itu telah
disusun secara ortografi ataupun belum standar, ataupun baik satu atau dua bahasa itu berdasarkan tanda, seperti bahasa isyarat untuk orang yang
tuli”.
7
Based on the definitions above, the writer concludes that translation involves two languages; there are the source language and the target language
receptor language. Moreover, translation is effort to transfer message or idea of the source language that equivalent to the target language.
C. Sentence
1. Definition of Sentence
Sentences are made up of two parts subjects and predicates. According to Frank there are two definition of sentence in traditional grammar theory:
1. By meaning: sentence is a `complete though`.
2. By function: sentence consists of a subject and a predicate.”
8
Meanwhile, according to Dwight the traditional definition of sentence is the minimum part of language that expresses a complete thought, and certainty
6
Ibid, p. 9.
7
Ibid, p. 9
8
Frank, Marcella, Modern English; A Practical Reference Guide New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc 1972, p. 220.
some sense of completeness is essential to it.
9
Hadumo said a sentence is a unit of speech constructed according to language dependent rules, which is relatively complete and independent in respect
to content, grammatical structure, and intonation.
10
From all of the definition above sentence is a full predication containing a subject plus a predicate with a finite verb and then sentences there are differences
between the deep and surface structure. The structure of a sentence is it`s grammatical form, while the deep structure is understood as its meaning.
2. Types of Sentence
A sentence is a group of words that a contains at least one subject and one verb. And b expresses a complete thought. There are four kinds of sentences
in English: simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences.
11
First, Jet`s learn about simple sentences.
a. Simple sentence
A simple sentence has one subject-verb pair. The subject tells who or what did something. The verb tells the action jump, work, think or condition is, was,
seem, appear. A simple sentence can have one of several possible formulas. Here are four possibilities. The subjects in each sentence are underlined with one
line. The verbs are underlined with two lines.
12
9
Bolinger, Dwight. Aspects of Language, 2
nd
Edition New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975, p. 156.
10
Hadumo Bussmann, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics Trans: by Lee Forester et al. Routledge, 1996, p. 112.
11
Alice oshima Ann Hague, The Longman Introduction to Academic Writing-3
rd
ed America: Pearson Education, Inc. 2007, p. 22.
12
Ibid, p. 23.
