Definition Complex Sentence in Indonesia language Kalimat

or official order or way of doing things, especially the usual or correct way”. 26 In Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia KBBI, procedure refers to “tahap kegiatan untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah; metode langkah demi langkah secara pastidalam memecahkan suatu masalah”. 27 There are also other forms for translation procedures like Molina-Albir, based on their identifying, they mentions eighteen translation techniques as procedures to analyze and classify how translation equivalence works. 28 The other definition is “rencana yang cermat mengeai kegiatan untuk mencapai sasaran khusus”. 29 Newmark state “While translation methods relate to whole text, translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language. 30 From the definition above, the writer decides to use the translation procedure because translation procedures applicable to sentences and smaller units of language such clauses, phrases, and words. Newmark suggest nineteen procedures: 31 a Literal Translation, just as word for word translation, is a method of translation in which the text in SL is translated into TL one by one, out of the context, but the grammatical constructions in SL are converted into their nearest equivalents in TL. b Transference is the processes of transferring a SL text to a TL text as a translation procedure. 26 A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Leaner`s Dictionary of Current English New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, p. 022. 27 Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia: Edisi Keempat Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2008, p. 1106. 28 Lucia Molina and Amparo. H. Albir, “Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalis Approach”, Meta: Translator Journal. Vol. 47 no. 4 2002, pp509-511. 29 Ibid. p. 1340 30 Peter Newmark, A Text Book of Tanslation London: Centre for Translation and Language Studies University of Surrey, 1988, p. 5. 31 Peter Newmark. A Textbook of Translation Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall International Ltd, 1988, pp. 81-91. c Naturalization, this procedure adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then the normal morphology word-forms of the TL. d Cultural Equivalent, this is an approximate translation where a SL cultural word is translated by a TL cultural word. e Functional Equivalent, it is an equivalent modified by explaining the function of the SL words. f Descriptive Equivalent, it is an equivalent modified by describing the source language word. g Synonymy, it is near TL equivalent to SL word in a context, where a precise equivalent may or may not exist. This procedure is used for a SL word where there is no clear one-to-one equivalent, and the word is not important in the text, especially for adjectives or adverbs of quality. h Through Translation, it is the literal translation of common collocation, names of organizations, the components of compounds and perhaps phrases. i Shift or Transposition, A shift Catford`s term or transposition is a translation procedure that changes the grammar from SL into TL. j Modulation, it entails a change in lexical elements, a shift in the point of view, Newmark divided modulation into two types. The firs is standard modulation; it is used when word, phrase, or structure is not having equivalence meaning in TL, the second type is free modulation is used by the translator when a translator disprove literal translation. k Recognized Translation, it occurs when the translator normally uses the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term. l Translation Label, this is a provisional translation, usually of a new institutional term, which should be made in inverted commas, which can later be discreetly withdrawn. m Compensation, it occurs when loss of meaning, sound-effect, metaphor or pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part, or in a contiguous sentence. n Componential Analysis, it means comparing a SL word with a TL word which has a similar meaning but it is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense components. o Reduction and Expansion, these are rather imprecise translation procedures, which you practice intuitively in some cases. Duft`s explained reduction is part of the source language expressiu=on is reduce, even omitted. p Paraphrase, this is an amplification or explanation of the meaning of a segment of the text. q Other procedures, Vinay and Darbelnet also give 1 Equivalence, an unfortunately named term implying approximate equivalence, accounting for the same situation in different terms. 2 Adaptation, use of a recognized equivalent between two situations. This is a matter of cultural equivalence. r Couplets, it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures. s Notes, notes are additional information in a translation. According to theories above, the writer suggest the best procedure to an analysis of translation complex sentence that are six procedures, namely: 1. Modulation, it entails a change in lexical elements, a shift in the point of view, Newmark divided modulation into two types. The firs is standard modulation; it is used when word, phrase, or structure is not having equivalence meaning in TL, the second type is free modulation is used by the translator when a translator disprove literal translation. Example 1: SL: gerakan non-blok dituntut peranannya. TL: The role of the non-aligned movement has been pursued. Example 2: SL: we all suffer from the consequence of environmental degradation. TL: kita semua menderita karena adanya penurunan mutu lingkungan 2. Literal Translation, just as word for word translation, is a method of translation in which the text in SL is translated into TL one by one, out of the context, but the grammatical constructions in SL are converted into their nearest equivalents in TL. Example: SL: I have quite a few friends. TL: saya mempunyai sama sekali tidak banyak teman. 3. Shift or Transposition, A shift Catford`s term or transposition is a translation procedure that changes the grammar from SL into TL. Example: SL1: He is playing with my sheep TL1: Dia sedang bermain dengan domba-dombaku SL2: Bingung aku TL2: I`m confused 4. Reduction and Expansion, these are rather imprecise translation procedures, which you practice intuitively in some cases. Duft`s explained reduction is part of the source language expressiu=on is reduce, even omitted. Example: SL: The proposal was rejected and repudiated. TL: Usulnya ditolak. 5. Notes, notes are additional information in a translation. Example: SL: They get to hit Dorothy with apples. TL: Mereka mendapat kesempatan untuk melempari Dorothy dengan apel. 6. Naturalization, this procedure adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then the normal morphology word-forms of the TL. Example: SL: Strategy, method TL: Strategi, metode Based on the analysis of complex sentences translation, the procedures suggested by the writer are the appropriate solution in analysis of translation complex sentence. In translating from one language into another language, something that is needed is a right way in solving the problem, such as non- equivalence or hard in finding the equivalence. 26 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING

A. Data Description

In data description, the writer tabulates the selected data of complex sentence which are taken from novel Mirror Image. She analyzes the types of complex sentence translation in SL become other types of sentences in TL. Table 1: The Data Complex Sentences Translation of Adjective Clause No Source Language complex Sentences Target Language Other Language Translation Procedures Type Translation of Sentences 1. It is the car that I have dreamed for many years ago. p. 66 Mobil ini yang saya impikan sejak beberapa tahun lalu. p. 60 Transposition Simple sentence 2. You`re a woman who deserves to be in exotic places. p. 47 Wanita sepertimu pantasnya tinggal di tempat-tempat eksotik. p. 42 Modulation Simple sentence 3. The woman, whom you saw last night, is my sister. p. 88 Wanita yang kamu lihat tadi malam adalah saudara saya. p. 85 Literal Translation Simple sentence 4. The man whose car is antique works as a lecturer. p. 168 Lelaki yang punya mobil antik itu bekerja sebagai dosen.p. 162 Couplets literal translation naturalization Simple sentence 5. `We could dare them to guess which one is the bride. p. 232 “Kita bisa menantang mereka untuk menebak siapa pengantinnya. p. 229 Couplets literal translation modulation Simple sentence 6. She tossed her hat high in the air when they reached their hotel room. p. 214 Setibanya dikamar hotel, Victoria langsung melempar topinya tinggi-tinggi ke udara. p. 208 Modulation Simple sentence 7. Victoria was riveted to the spot where she stood, staring at Toby. p. 217 Victoria tetap bergeming sambil memandang Toby dengan nanar. p. 11 Modulation Simple sentence Table 2: The Data Complex Sentences Translation of Adverb Clause No. Source Language Complex Sentences Target Language Other Sentence Translation Procedures Type Translation of Sentences 1. Olivia had tears in her eyes when she spoke. p. 144 Mohon Olivia dengan air mata berlinang. p. 104 Modulation Simple sentence 2. I`m even not sure where she is right now. p. 413 Aku bahkan tak yakin dia sekarang ada dimana. p. 420 Modulation Simple sentence 3. It`s been two years since he lost his wife… it`s time. p. 233 Istrinya sudah dua tahun meninggal, sudah waktunya Charles memulai hidup baru. p. 288 Addition Compound sentence 4. Olivia will come to my party only if you accompany her. p. 354 Olivia akan datang kepesta saya jika kamu mau menemaninya. p. 351 Couplets literal translation addition Simple sentence 5. The firs dinner she ordered for them, although they tried to be polite, but they could barely eat it. p. 281 Pertama kalinya ia mengatur menu makan mereka, walaupun mereka berusaha bersikap sopan. p. 284 Reduction Complex sentence 6. `I`ll suggest it to Charles while they`re here. p. 186 “aku akan mengusulkannya pada Charles bila mereka dat ing.” p. 179 Couplets literal translation modulation Simple sentence 7. The woman says that he keeps the house just for that purpose.` p. 131 Kata si pembantu, Toby menyediakan rumah itu khusus untuk berkencan.” p. 121 Modulation Simple sentence 8. Toby`s lure was far more powerful than her sister`s caution. p. 89 Rayuan Toby jauh lebih kuat dari peringatan kakaknya. p. 81 Transposition Simple sentence 9 `I`m sorry,`he said softly, as though she understood all that he hadn`t said and was thinking. p. 207 “aku menyesal,” ujar Charles lembut. Olivia hanya tersenyum dan bersandar lagi sambil memejamkan matanya. p. 537 Modulation Simple sentence Complex sentence Table 3: The Data Complex Sentences Translation of Noun Clause No. Source Language Complex Sentences Target Language Other Language Translation Procedures Type Translation of Sentences 17. What would she do then it made her heart beat faster just thinking of it. p. 100 Apa yang akan dilakukannya, Hatinya berdebar kencang. p. 91 Reduction Simple sentence 18. Victoria still had no idea where they would put her. 395 Victoria tak tahu di mana ia nanti tidur. p. 401 Couplets modulation reduction Simple sentence 19. The doctor had assured them that she`d be all right eventually. p. 154 Akhirnya dokter mereka memastikan bahwa Victoria akan sembuh. p. 289 Modulation Simple sentence 20. I have no idea what you`re talking about,`Victoria said primly. p. 62 “Aku tak tahu apa yang kau maksud,” kata Victoria tegas. p. 259 Modulation Simple sentence

B. Data Analysis

From the tabulated data above that contains 20 complex sentences, the writer tries to classify and analyze the selected complex sentences by using the relevant theories. These are explanation from each data above: Complex Sentences Translation of Adjective Clause 1. Necessary from relative pronoun `That` Source Language complex Target Language simple Translation