Advantages of Developing Materials

related to the characteristics of the instructional setting and the setting in which the skills will eventually be used. 4. Writing Performance Objectives This stage will identify the skills to be learned, the conditions under which the skills must be performed, and the criteria for successful performance. 5. Developing Assessment Instruments This instrument is to assess and measure the learners’ ability to perform the objectives. 6. Developing an Instructional Strategy The information from the preceding steps will begin to identify the strategy that will be used in the instruction. The strategy will include sections on pre-sectional activities, presentation of information, practice and feedback, testing and follow through activities. 7. Developing and selecting materials The determined strategy in previous steps will be used to produce the instruction. The decision to develop originals materials will depend upon the type of learning to be taught, the availability of existing relevant materials, and developmental resources available. 8. Designing and Conducting the Formative Evaluation The draft of the materials will be evaluated in order to have it improved. The three types of formative evaluation are referred to a one-to-one evaluation, small group evaluation, and field evaluation. Each type of evaluation provides the designer with a different type of information that can be used to improve the instruction. 9. Revising Materials The final step and the first step in a repeat cycle is revising the materials. Data from the formative evaluation are summarized and interpreted to identify difficulties experienced by learners in achieving the objectives. 10. Conducting Summative Evaluation The main purpose of this stage is to find out the effectiveness of holistic instruction. However, it is not the part of the design process but it occurs after the instruction has been evaluated formatively and revised to meet the standards of the developer. From the explanation of the materials development above, a need analysis must be the starting point for a materials development of instructional program. The next steps are about how the needs create a framework for developing materials. The following figure shows how the steps above are carried into practice.