Advantages of Developing Materials
related to the characteristics of the instructional setting and the setting in which the skills will
eventually be used. 4.
Writing Performance
Objectives This stage will identify the skills to be learned,
the conditions under which the skills must be performed, and the criteria for successful
performance.
5. Developing
Assessment Instruments
This instrument is to assess and measure the learners’ ability to perform the objectives.
6. Developing an Instructional
Strategy The information from the preceding steps will
begin to identify the strategy that will be used in the instruction. The strategy will include
sections on pre-sectional activities, presentation of information, practice and feedback, testing
and follow through activities.
7. Developing and selecting
materials The determined strategy in previous steps will
be used to produce the instruction. The decision to develop originals materials will depend upon
the type of learning to be taught, the availability of existing relevant materials, and
developmental resources available.
8. Designing and Conducting
the Formative Evaluation The draft of the materials will be evaluated in
order to have it improved. The three types of formative evaluation are referred to a one-to-one
evaluation, small group evaluation, and field evaluation. Each type of evaluation provides the
designer with a different type of information that can be used to improve the instruction.
9. Revising Materials
The final step and the first step in a repeat cycle is revising the materials. Data from the
formative evaluation are summarized and interpreted to identify difficulties experienced by
learners in achieving the objectives.
10. Conducting Summative
Evaluation The main purpose of this stage is to find out the
effectiveness of holistic instruction. However, it is not the part of the design process but it occurs
after the instruction has been evaluated formatively and revised to meet the standards of
the developer.
From the explanation of the materials development above, a need analysis must be the starting point for a materials development of instructional
program. The next steps are about how the needs create a framework for developing materials. The following figure shows how the steps above are carried
into practice.