CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents a detailed discussion on some theories that supports the study. The discussion is divided into two sections which are literature review
and conceptual framework. The first section describes some theories which present as a foundation for this study. The second section summarizes the
researcher’s framework and the steps in designing interactive learning multimedia for listening materials.
A. Literature Review
1. Vocabulary
a. The Definition of Vocabulary
Hornby 2000: 144 defines vocabulary as: 1 all the words that a person knows or uses; 2 all the words in particular language; 3 the words that people
use when they are talking about a particular subject; 4 a list of words with their meaning.
In line with that, Samir 2007 states that, “vocabulary refers to a list or set of words for a particular language or a list or set of words individual speakers
of a language might use”. Native speakers used certain language which consists of words in their communication. The words of the native speaker used are enlisted
in vocabulary.
Moreover, Thornbury 2002: 14 asserts that, “vocabulary means a large collection of items”. The items that he means are words. With a good knowledge
of words the learners will have a better understanding of a text. Vocabulary is a core component of language proficiency that becomes
the basis knowledge for how the learners listen, speak, read and write Richard Renandya: 2002. He adds that extensive vocabulary and strategies for acquiring
new vocabulary learners will get their true potential to use the language such as for listening, speaking reading or writing. Therefore having a good knowledge on
vocabulary will help the learners to achieve a better result in learning language since they are able and importantly have courage to use the language in different
context. Furthermore, Hiebert Kamil 2005: 3 define vocabulary as “the
knowledge of meanings of words”. He adds that this definition makes vocabulary comes into oral vocabulary which is used in daily communication and print
vocabulary which is not used in daily communication but in certain text. Besides, there are also receptive vocabulary which can be understood or recognized and
productive vocabulary which can be used to write or speak. In conclusion, vocabulary is the list of words and its meaning that serve
as basic knowledge needed by the people in order to understand the words and how to use the words appropriately depend on the purpose of the words, whether
to use them to express ideas or to grasp meaning from texts.
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