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DRI NKI NG HABI TS AND STATUS OF HYDRATI ON
1.2. Social, Economic and Health Characteristics of Subjects
This research involved two age groups which are teenager and adult group. Each group located in two different ecological areas lowland and highland. The number of
teenagers group in the highland are 97 people consist of 47 boys 48.5 and 50 girls 51.5. Meanwhile, the amounts of the teenagers in the lowland are 109 people consist
of 59 boys 54.1 and 50 girls 45.9. The adult group in the highland are 92 people consist of 37 men 40.2 and 55 woman 59.8. The adult group in the lowland are
102 people consist of 44 men 43.1 and 58 woman 56.9. The number of total subjects is more than the minimum required. The number of
minimum subject required for each location per gender categories are 41 people. This amount is rounded to be 50 people to increase the accuracy of this research. The number
of the adult group is less than the teenagers. To find adult subjects for this research is more difficult than the teenagers. They had to fill in questionnaire and provide urine
samples ±10 ml for urine analynalisis. After screening process, several adult candidates were drop out because they had not required the criteria such as kidney health. However,
in general this research has already met the minimum requirement subject for statistical analysis.
The mean age of teenager group in the highland is 15.9 ± 1.0 year, while in the lowland is 16.0 ± 1.0 year. The age of the teenager’s group range from 15 to 18 years
and this reflect the high school student at grade X, XI and XII. Therefore the teenagers recruited as subjects in this research correctly categorized as a teenager. According to
WHO 1995 teenager age range from 10-19 years. In the adult group, the mean age in the highland is 36.7 ± 8.4 year while in the
lowland is 40.7 ± 9.8 year. The age of the adult group are from 36 up to 50 years. In the subject’s recruitment, the adult subjects must be under 55 years. However, for the most
50-55 years adults had health problems, so they were drop out as a subject. The definition of family is a unit of people living in the same house and having
blood relationship. The Coordination Agency of National Family Planning BKKBN, a small
4.
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family consists of a father, a mother and two children BPS 2000. The number of family members of the teenager subjects is from small family
≤ 4 people to medium family 5 - 7 people. The mean of teenager family member in the highland and the lowland is 4.6 ±
1.2 and 4.9 ± 1.4 respectively. Meanwhile, the member of the adult family is in range of small to medium. The average number of adult family members in the highland and the
lowland area is 4.5 ± 1.2 and 4.6 ± 2.0 respectively. There is an assumption when the family members are small, the mother attention to the member health care is much
better, and this includes drinking water availability and sufficiency for all family members. According to Harper, Deaton and Driskel 1985, family size related to food consumption,
whereas more the family member tends to less adequate food consumption for the family member.
In the teenager group, the distance of their house to the school in the highland and the lowland is 2.3 ± 2.8 km and 2.2 ± 3.2 km respectively. The teenager subjects
spent about 7 hourday at school, and the air temperature at the school is assumed not different with their home.
In the adult group, the distance of their house to workplace is 3.8±4.4 km in the highland and 9.8±17.2 km in lowland. In the lowland, Northern of Jakarta, where the
urban societies are living, we found the far distance of working place is more than 5 km. However, the temperature of working place is almost similar with their home living about
28°C. The adult subjects spent about 7 hourday at the work place. The environment temperature will influence the body physiological adjustment,
which is related to the body respond, maintain and improve the quality of life. High temperature will increase body temperature and make some adaptation through sweat
excretion mechanism. When the sweat is more and continually excreted without any adequate fluids replacement, it could lead to the dehydration.
The normal category of Body Mass Index BMI is 18.5 – 23.0; as thin if the BMI less than 18.5; and overweight if the BMI more than 23.0 WHO, 2004. The results show
that most of the teenagers are categorized as normal 64.9 in highland and 47.7 in lowland Figure 2. At both regions, the thin CED teenagers are much higher than the
overweight. In highland area, the prevalence of thin teenagers is three times higher than the overweight teenagers. However, it is different in the lowland, the number of
overweight teenagers 22.9 is almost similar with the thin ones 29.4.
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