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each day, and many people have not yet realized on the negative effects of water deficient for the body pre-dehydration on health and performance. Further studies are
required on the magnitude of the problem in Indonesia. Rapid development may have negative side effects on the quality of ecology,
including partly on the quality of air, soil and water. The more ecological changes, the more likely water contaminated and polluted. Public-private-academic partnerships are
urgently required for better ecology, better drinking water supply, and better drinking water consumption for better healthy life and better physical performance of the
Indonesian’s people. Indonesia is an archipelago country consists of several temperate or ecological
areas such as low land, high land and highland areas. Requirement of body fluid among people living in those areas can be different depend on the daily temperature and other
factors. The higher temperatures the more likely people consume more water and beverages.
Although water is actually a nutrient, there is a tendency that some people neglect its important roles for health; some said water is a forgotten nutrient. Study in Singapore
by Tamasek Polytechnic and AFIC 1998 showed that the teenagers and young adults 15 – 24 years drink the least amount of fluid. This implied that the teenagers and
adults, who are more physically active, are more likely to be vulnerable to mild-moderate dehydration. However, there is no such evidence in Indonesia. Meanwhile the number of
Indonesian teenagers and adults is about 70 million – nearly one-third of the total population. Theoretically, the earlier the prevention of thirsty and mild-moderate
dehydration, the better the health of teenagers and adults, which results in better physical performance, stamina, health, mind, and life.
The Food and Nutrition Society of Indonesian PERGIZI PANGAN has a mission on advocating and promoting food and nutrition science for the better life of the people,
including healthy drinking water and beverage, through public-private–academic partnership. Besides, Aqua Danone has a commitment to supply quality mineral water for
Indonesian families. Based on above considerations, PERGIZI PANGAN Indonesia, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology FEMA – Bogor
Agricultural University IPB, in collaboration with Aqua Danone are planning to conduct a study entitle Survey on Drinking Habits and Magnitude of Mild – Moderate Dehydration
among Teenagers and Adults in Two Different Ecological Areas of Indonesia.
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1.2. Objectives
The main objective of the study is to obtain a scientific evidences on types, amount, sources and habitual of water intake among teenagers and adults in two different
ecological areas of Indonesia North Jakarta and West Bandung. The specific objectives are as follows:
1. To study types, amount and sources of drinking water and beverages among teenagers and adults.
2. To study habitual drinking water and beverages frequency, time, place, condition among teenagers and adults
3. To study reasons of choosing several types of drinking water and beverages bottle water, fountain water, boiled water, soft drink, sport drink, energy drink, milk, juice,
and etc among teenagers and adults . 4. To study perception and knowledge of teenagers and adults on water requirement,
and safe drinking water, and its benefits. 5. To study the magnitude of dehydration among teenagers and adults.
1.3. Expected Outputs The outputs of the study will be useful for government and private sectors as well
as academicians, as follows: 1. Provide information on types, amount, sources and habitual of water intake
among teenagers and adults in two different ecological areas. 2. Provide information on reasons of choosing several types of drinking water and
beverages, and the perception and the knowledge on safe drinking water among teenagers and adults in two different ecological areas.
3. Provide information on the magnitude dehydration among teenagers and adults.
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LI TERATURE REVI EW
2.1. Role and Requirement of Water
Water plays important roles in the human body, namely : 1 as a filler of each of good cavity in cell and also among body cell; 2 as part of body fluids or to forms body
fluids such as blood, hormone, enzyme etc; 3 as a reaction promoter and a solvent for mineral, vitamin, amino acids, glucose, and other nutrients; 4 as vehicle for distribution,
transportation, and use of nutrients and others in human body; 5 as vehicles for eliminating waste, toxin and metabolism products, and 6 as body temperature regulation
Kleiner, 1999. Water is also important for taking care of vascular volume. Hydration of cell represents a good signal for metabolism regulation of cell and genetic expression
IOM, 2004. Water is an essential nutrient needed for healthy life. However its important role
is sometimes disregarded by people. Most people do not realize that they drink not enough water. Study done in Singapura showed that woman drink water 5-6 glasses and
man drink 6-8 glasses everyday. Their water intake is lower than the recommendation suggestion of serving size namely 8 glasses of water every day. Only the old age group
55-64 year and the adult 25-34 years fulfill the requirement AFIC, 2000. Study in Hongkong showed the same result that 50 subjects drink water less than 8 glasses, and
even 30 of subjects drink less than 5 glasses. Various study show relationship between hydration status with health status and
physical performance. Dehydration can occurs acutely when drinking not enough water and having heavy physical activities. Dehydration can also occur chronically when water
intake is not enough to fulfill the daily requirement. Both types of dehydration could negatively effects health status and physical performance. Signs of dehydration will be felt
when the body water decreased of 1-2 of body weight.
2.2. Source of Water
Amount of water required by human body depend upon a balance between water intake and water outtake. Human body obtains water from consumption of food and
beverage, and also from the result of metabolism. Solid food especially the fruit and vegetable provide significant contribution to water intake. While water excretes through
2.
