Role and Requirement of Water

5 exhalation, husk, kidney urine, and the digestion channel. It was estimated that the total body water loss for an adult with light activity is 1050 - 3100 ml per day IOM, 2004. A survey on adult population in USA showed that the 28 of water intake is from food, 28 from drinking water, and 44 from other beverage. Water intakes by someone depend on body water, activity level, ecology, and food pattern. Human body can produce water through the oxidation in limited number. Study at male adult group with 70 kg weight showed that 2900 kcal energy intake will contribute 2900 ml water body per day. Water production in human body equal to 250 ml, hence the rest have to be fulfilled from drinking water and other beverages. Natural food contains 40-90 of water. Water intake to human body commonly come from drinking water and beverages such as juice, canned beverage, and milk; and others come from solid food like rice, vegetable, and fruit. For example in List of Food Composition DKBM, water contends in rice is 13, 12 in flour, 60-70 in meat, 75- 80 in fresh fish, 71-85 in vegetables, and 60-90 in fruits. Various study in several countries showed that there are variation contribution of water intake from multifarious beverages. Estimation of water content from various type of beverage is 95 in sport drink, 90-94 in fruit juice, and 87 in milk WHO, 2005. Data of NHANES III showed that mean of total water intake from food and beverage at male adolescent 14-18 year is 3.4 Lday and female adolescent is 2.5 Lday. Total water intake of male adult 31-50 year is 3.85 Lday and female adult is 3.10 Lday. Difference of water intake among inactive and active group at male is 0.6 L and 0.5 L at female IOM, 2004. Study in Singapore by Tamasek Polytechnic and AFIC 1998 showed that the teenagers and young adults 15 – 24 years drink the least amount of fluid. This implied that the teenagers and adults, who are more physically active, are more likely to be vulnerable to mild-moderate dehydration. However, there is no such evidence in Indonesia. Meanwhile the number of Indonesian teenagers and adults is about 70 million – nearly one-third of the total population. Theoretically, the earlier the prevention of thirsty and mild-moderate dehydration, the better the health of teenagers and adults, which results in better physical performance, stamina, health, mind, and life. Study in Singapore showed that source of water body is drinking water on first place 74 then tea and coffee 32, and soft drink 17. Others source is salad and fruits. The most reasons of subject in Singapore drink in insufficient water are: 1 not feel thirsty, 2 forget