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selecting the high schools and higher education in each of the study sites West Bandung and North Jakarta.
This study also covers the adult subjects. Subjects for adults are the teachers and parents of the school students aged 25-50 years of the two study sites:
Figure 1. Scheme of sampling procedure
List of SelectedTeachers and School Stafs List of Senior High School in North JakartaWest Bandung
List of School appropriate with criteria
Selected school 2 schoolslocation
List of First Grade Class met the criterias
List of Second Grade Class met the criterias
List of Third Grade Class met the criterias
Selected First Grade Class Selected Second Grade Class
Selected Third Grade Class List of students met the
criterias malefemale List of students met the
criterias malefemale List of students met the
criterias malefemale List of Selected Student
malefemale List of Selected Student
malefemale List of Selected Student
malefemale List of Teachers and School Stafs
List of Teachers and School Stafs met the criterias
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3.3. Type and Method of Data Collection
Data to be collected are primary data. Table 2 shows the variables and method of each data to be collected.
Table 5. Variable, data and method used
Variable Data Method
Socio-economic- demography
Individual and family characteristics Age, sex, family size, family income,
parent education Self administered questionnaire
Food beverage consumption
Type, amount source of drinking water beverages
7 days recall semi – FFQ Habitual drinking
water beverages Frequency, time, place and condition
when drinking water beverage Self administered questionnaire
Perception knowledge on
healthy water drinking and its
benefits Function and amount of water needed,
impact of deficiencies, sources, causes of dehydration, criteria for healthy and
safety drinking water; emotional and health benefits of safe drinking water;
risks of not enough drink Self administered questionnaire
Nutritional status Body weight and height
Direct measurement Physical
activities Kind, duration and frequencies of
physical activities and exercise in one week
Self administered questionnaire Symptom or sign of dehydration
Self administered questionnaire Mild moderate
dehydration Urine specific gravity, and color
Urinalysis Physical
Assessment Blood pressure, pulse and temperature
Direct measurement.
Blood pressure measured by Tensi
meter OMRON. Temperature measured by thermometer.
Doctor anamnesis Diabetic, kidney failure, lever disease,
heart disease, and history degenerative disease on parent.
Anamnesis by medical doctor
The level of dehydration mild – moderate is assessed by some criteria’s such as criteria in following tables.
Table 6. Signs of Dehydration
Mild Dehydration Moderate Dehydration
1.
Thirst
2.
Headache
3.
Fatigue
4.
Flushed skin
5.
Dry mouth and throat
1.
Rapid heart rate
2.
Dizziness
3.
Weakness and lack of energy
4.
Highly concentrated urine, but low in volume
Source: TP and AFIC 2004
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3.4. Management of Data Quality 3.4.1. Control of Data Quality
To gain high quality data to be collected, four procedures of data quality control applied during the study period. The four procedures are: 1 Expert meeting or
consultation for improving the study design and method; 2 Pre-testing of questionnaire or instruments to be used; 3 Controlling variation of inter-observer; and 4 Supervision of
data collection. To control inter-observer variation, training for field enumerators done prior to
data collection. The enumerators for this study was graduated from S1 Bachelor in nutrition or public health. The training for all of filed enumerators conducted to explain
the purpose and the method of the study, their tasks and responsibilities, and more importantly in how to collect data correctly using standardized procedures. The training
includes class discussion and practices. Re-interview of the subjects was conducted by area coordinator and research
team to re-check data collected by enumerators. The re-interviewed focused on data of water intake and sign of mild-moderate dehydration. Supervision done by the study team
and filed coordinator with the purpose to solve problems that may rise in the period of data collection as well as checking for data collection efficiency, completeness of data
collection, and facilitation needed by enumerator during the data collection.
3.4.2. Data Entry, Verification and Cleaning
Data management includes completeness of data, reliability check of data, data entry, data verification and data cleaning. Regularly inspection on the completeness of
data in the questionnaire was carried out directly in the filed to verify whether the identification number was given to each questionnaire and to check a missing or an
incomplete information or data in the filled in questionnaire. The field coordinator responsible for these tasks. The study also conducted reliability check of data to identify
the consistency of all inter-related variables. The collected data will be coded on code book derived from questionnaire. All
collected data then will be enter into computer using micro-soft excel software, which was done in study secretariat, after the completeness and reliability check done. Re-entry of
ten percent record carried out. The re-entry data done and compared to those that had been enter to ensure that there is no mistake during data entry process. If there is a
