love. Di pihak lain verb adalah kata-kata yang digunakan pada sejumlah aksi go, talk dan keadaan be, have yang melibatkan orang dan benda
dalam suatu kejadian Jessica is ill and has a sore throat so she can’t talk or go anywhere. Dapat dilihat pada karangan S14, pada contoh kalimat
9. Dalam kalimat tersebut ditemukan kesalahaan pada penggunaan noun.
Kalimat yang benar seharusnya adalah “Because I should pay for my
school fee”. Penguasaan kosakata secara umum masih perlu
dikembangkan lagi karena terkesan monoton. Dalam karangan ini juga banyak terdapat kesalahan pemilihan dan penggunaan kosakata, contohnya
pada kalimat 6. Kalimat yang benar seharusnya adalah “We almost late
so we should be hurry”. Oleh karena itu, karangan S14 memperoleh nilai
yang tidak jauh berbeda dari pada tahap pretest.
Contoh Karangan S37 menengah pada pretest
The Scary Dog
1
When I was nine years old, I had a bad experience.
2
One day, my mother told me to buy some eggs for lunch. 3I must walked alone to
the market because my sister was not at home.
4
When I went to the market, I passed a big house.
5
Then I looked at the gate. 6It was not locked and there was a big dog there.
7
I was shocked and scared.
8
Then the dog started barking.
9
I ran so fast but the dog was faster.
10
I screamed and hoped that there was someone around there.
11
Lucky, the dog master came to help me.
12
The dog was tame if the master came.
13
Then I went to the market and bought some egg for lunch.
14
That was my bad experience with the scary dog. Yule 2010:83 menyatakan bahwa adjective adalah kata-kata yang
umumnya digunakan dengan nomina untuk memberikankan informasi
tambahan tentang benda yang dirujuknya happy people, large objects, a strange experience. Dapat dilihat pada karangan S37, pada contoh kalimat
11. Dalam kalimat tersebut ditemukan kesalahaan pada penggunaan adjective. Kalimat yang benar seharusnya adalah “Lucky, the dog master
came to help me”. Penguasaan kosakata secara umum masih perlu dikembangkan lagi karena terkesan monoton dan tidak jauh berbeda
dengan tahap pretest.
Contoh Karangan S25 tertinggi pada pretest
The Worst Day in My Life
1
Last Friday I had a bad experience.
2
It was the worst day off my life.
3
At that time I got sick and I just stayed on the bed all day.
4
In the morning my friend was in my apartment with me but at night she left me
and I was alone.
5
I felt so sad because I had a fever and headache, and I was alone
6
I was thinking about my family and I rememberikanng my family.
7
Everytime I get sick my parents will always stay by my side.
8
They never left me alone, but now the situation was different.
9
I missed my family so much.
10
That day I felt so sad and I cried all day.
11
I did not know what to do.
12
I felt so sad so I decided to pray.
13
After that I watched a comedy movie until I fell asleep.
14
Well this was the worst day of my life, and now I understand how important is my family and their love.
Pada karangan S25 di atas penguasaan kosakata cukup baik. Selain itu pemilihan kosakata yang digunakan juga cukup luas dan bervariasi.
Sejalan dengan yang dipaparkan Yule 2010:83 pada pembahasan sebelumnya, salah satu contoh penggunaan adjective dalam karangan ini
adalah pada kalimat 10. Kata sad dalam kalimat tersebut merup’akan contoh penggunaan adjective. Selain itu, dalam karangan ini ti, dak
ditemukan kesalahan dalam pemilihan atau penggunaan kosakata. Oleh karena itu, karangan S25 memperoleh nilai yang lebih baik pada tahap
posttest.
Tabel 4.17 Penilaian Karangan secara Umum pada Aspek Kosakata No
Kesalahan pemilihan kosakata Saran perbaikan
1 S02 I was sleep when we
departed the airport. I was sleep when we left the
airport.
2 S27 I and my friend shopping
rice and mineral water. I and my friend bought rice and
mineral water.
3 S32 I was confused then I
telephoned my father. I was confused then I called my
father.
4 Aspek Tata Bahasa
Pada tahap posttest diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata kelas pada aspek ini sebesar 14,2. Adapun perbandingan hasil karangan siswa ini diambil
dari S31 siswa dengan nilai terendah pada pretest. S06 siswa dengan nilai menengah pada pretest dan S12 siswa dengan nilai tertinggi pada
pretest
Contoh Karangan S31 terendah pada pretest
My Unlucky Day
1
One year ago, I had a bad experience.
2
Monday I go to school ride a motorcycle.
3
My feeling on that day so bad.
4
Beside that I
forgetmy prayer.
5
Inside the hour I was very worry.
6
But, in the street,someone useuniform Senior High School against me.
7
She leave me alone and not want to help me.
8
I am shock
and hurt in hand.
9
A few minutes after a man help me to stand and he display my motorcycle [Ø] side the road.
10
The final I was back to home and my mother delivered me to
school.
11
My mother is angry to me.
12
She [Ø] late to work.
13
Oh so bad
experience.
Saran perbaikan: My Unlucky Day
One year ago,I had a bad experience. On Monday I went to school riding a motorcycle. My feeling that day was so bad. Beside that I forgot
to pray and I was in hurry. Unfortunately, on the street, someone with Senior High School
uniform crashed me. She just left me alone and did not want to helped me. I was shock and my hand was hurt. A few minutes later, a man helped me
to stand and he moved my motorcycle on the side of the road.
Finally I went back home and my mother drove me to school. My mother was angry with me. She was being late for work. What a very bad
experience.
Aspek tata bahasa terdiri atas dua komponen pendukung, yaitu penguasaan tata bahasa dan pemahaman terhadap kalimat. Dalam tata
bahasa Inggris terdapat tense yang berfungsi untuk menentukan kapan suatu aktivitas terjadi. Menurut Baehaqi 2009:35, past tense digunakan
untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau aktivitas yang terjadi pada masa lampau. Dapat dilihat pada karangan S31, penguasaan tata bahasa bahasa secara
umum tidak banyak mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan nilai pretest. Dalam karangan ini juga masih terdapat beberapa kesalahan tata
bahasa, terutama dalam penggunaan past tense seperti pada kalimat 11 dan 12. Dalam kalimat tersebut ditemukan dua kesalahan dalam
penggunaan to be, yaitu pada kata is yang seharusnya diganti menjadi was
dan tidak adanya penggunaan to be setelah kata she. Kalimat yang benar
seharusnya adalah “My mother was angry with me. She [was] being late
for work”. Oleh karena itu, karangan S31 belum dapat mencapai nilai yang sesuai dengan KKM.
Contoh Karangan S06 menengah pada pretest
A Traffic Accident
1
A traffic accident was bad experience that happened to me.
2
It happened when I was in the first grade of elementary school.
3
That day I wanted to cross the street near my house.
4
I thinked
that there was no car or motorcycle there.
5
Then I heard horn from a motorcycle and the sound shocking me.
6
The driver tell me to keep away
from he but it was impossible for me to do.
7
Then suddenly everything was dark.
8
When I opened my eyes, I am in the hospital.
9
The doctor said
that I [Ø] unconsciou\ for several hours.
10
I stayed in the hospital for two weeks.
11
That was my bad experience.
12
I hope it doesn’t happen again in my life.
Saran perbaikan: A Traffic Accident
1
A traffic accident was a bad experience that happened to me.
2
It happened when I was in the first grade of elementary school.
3
That day I wanted to cross the street near my house.
4
I thought that there were no car or motorcycles there.
5
Suddenly I heard a horn blaring from a motorcycle and the sound was shocking me.
6
The driver told me to keep away from him but it was impossible for me to do so.
7
Then everything was dark.
8
When I opened my eyes, I was in the hospital.
9
The doctor said that I was unconsciuos for several hours.
10
I stayed in the hospital for two weeks.
11
That was my bad experience.
12
I hope it won’t happen again in my life.
Baehaqi 2009:35, mengungkapkan bahwa past tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja sederhana untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian
terjadi di masa lampau. Peristiwa masa lampau bisa disimpulkan dari waktu yang tersirat dalam kalimat“When did you go to school?”. Dapat
dilihat pada karangan S06, penguasaan tata bahasa bahasa secara umum tidak banyak mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan nilai pretest.
Dalam karangan ini juga masih terdapat beberapa kesalahan tata bahasa, terutama dalam penggunaan past tense seperti pada kalimat 8 dan 9.
Dalam kalimat tersebut ditemukan dua kesalahan dalam penggunaan to be, yaitu pada kata am yang seharusnya diganti menjadi was dan tidak adanya
penggunaan to be setelah kata I. Kalimat yang benar seharusnya adalah
“When I opened my eyes, I was in the hospital.
9
The doctor said that I
[was] unconsciuos for several hours.”. Kesalahan penggunaan bentuk
regularirregular verb ditemukan pada kata kalimat 4 dan 6. Kata thinked seharusnya diubah menjadi thought irregular verb. Sedangkan
kata tell seharusnya diubah menjadi told. Kalimat yang benar adalah “I
thought that there was no car or motorcycle there.”dan
“
The driver told me to keep away from him but it was impossible for me to do so”. Oleh
karena itu, karangan S06 belum dapat mencapai nilai yang sesuai dengan KKM.
Contoh Karangan S12 tertinggi pada pretest
The Day Lost My Best Friend
1
Last year when I was in Junior High School, I had a very bad experience.
2
I lost someone who really important to me.
3
She was my best friend, Marry.
4
Marry was a nice person.
5
She was very clever and beautiful.
6
Unfortunately, God took her life on the beach.
7
The accident happened on June.
8
At that time Marry was on the beach with all of our friends.
9
I and Marry were playing sand, then we
swam on the beach.
10
Marry was swimming when suddenly the big waves came to her.
11
The waves dragged her body.
12
After two hours, Marry was found but she was dead.
13
All of her friends and family were cried.
14
I was so sad because I lost my bestfriend.
15
After that my parent always told me to becareful if I want to go to the beach.
16
Therefore I always tell my friends to becareful and also pray for Marry everyday.
Menurut Yule
2010:83, tata bahasa adalah proses menggambarkan struktur frasa dan kalimat sedemikian rupa semua unsur
tata bahasa dalam suatu bahasa dan mengatur urutan nontata bahasa. Pada karangan S12 di atas penguasaan tata bahasa dan pemahaman terhadap
kalimat sudah lebih baik. Penggunaan past tense dalam karangan ini juga sudah tepat, contohnya dalam kalimat 7. Dalam kalimat tersebut terdapat
keterangan waktu on June yang menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa tersebut terjadi pada masa lampau. Selanjutnya dalam kalimat 10, tidak
digunakan keterangan waktu. Kalimat tersebut menggunakan kata kerja bentuk lampau, yaitu wanted dan came untuk menunjukkan bentuk past
tense. Selain itu, dalam karangan ini tidak ditemukan kesalahan dalam penggunaan tata bahasa. Oleh karena itu, karangan S12 memperoleh nilai
yang lebih tinggi pada posttest.
Tabel 4.18 Penilaian Karangan secara Umum pada Aspek TataBahasa No
Kesalahan Tata Bahasa Saran perbaikan
1 Penggunaan past tense
Contoh: S17 In the morning after played ball, we watch some
movies. In the morning after played ball,
we watched some movies.
2 Penggunaan preposition
Contoh: S10 Monday morning I and my family went to my
On Monday morning I and my family went to my village.
village. 3
Penggunaan to be Contoh: S20 I am so worry
about my friend. I was so worry about my friend.
5 Aspek mekanik
Pada tahap posttest diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata kelas pada aspek ini sebesar 3,6. Sebagai perbandingan ditampilkan tiga contoh karangan
siswa pada posttest. Ketiga karangan ini diambil dari S28 siswa dengan nilai terendah pada pretest, S30 siswa dengan nilai menengah pada
pretest dan S16 siswa dengan nilai tertinggi pada pretest
Contoh Karangan S28 terendah pada pretest
Fell from My New Bicycle
1
A few years ago when I was twelve years old,I ever had a bad experience.
2
My Fatherbough a new bicycle.
3
That was Poligon and the colour is blue.
4
I thoug the bicycle was too high for me but Itried to ride it.
5
I rode the bicycle around my house.
6
Suddenly I felt from the bicycle.
7
My knee was hurt and my bicycle was broken.
8
At that time the situasional
was very badI cried because I was afraid my mather would angry with me,
9
After that myFather came and helped me to rode the bicycle
10
That was my bad experience and I would never forget it. Saran perbaikan
: Fell off My New Bicycle
A few years ago when I was twelve years old, I had a bad
experience. My father bought me a new bicycle. That was Poligon and its colour is blue.
I thougt the bicycle was too high for me but I tried to ride it. I rode
the bicycle around my house. Suddenly I felt of the bicycle. My knee was hurt and my bicycle was broken. At that time the situation was very bad.
I cried because I was afraid my mather would be angry to me .
After that my father came and helped me to ride the bicycle That was my bad experience and I will never forget it .
Aspek mekanik terdiri atas tiga komponen pendukung, yaitu penggunaan ejaan bahasa Inggris, penulisan huruf kapital dan tanda baca,.
Menurut Gie 1992:33--36 ada tiga asas utama dalam keterampilan menulis, yaitu kejelasan, keringkasan, dan ketepatan. Asas ketepatan
mengandung ketentuan bahwa setiap penulis harus menaati sepenuhnya berbagai aturan dan ketentuan tata bahasa, ejaan, tanda baca, dan
kelaziman pemakaian bahasa tulis yang ada. Dapat dilihat pada karangan S28, terdapat tiga kesalahan dalam ejaan bahasa Inggris. Dalam karangan
ini juga terdapat dua kesalahan penulisan huruf kapital dan kurangnya penggunaan tanda baca pada tiga kalimat. Salah satu contoh kesalahan
ejaan bahasa Inggris pada kalimat 4. Penulisan yang benar seharusnya
adalah “I thought the bicycle was too high for me but I tried to ride it.”
Oleh karena itu, karangan S28 masih belum mencapai nilai sesuai dengan KKM.
Contoh Karangan S30 menengah pada pretest
The Worst Experience
1
Last week, I had bad experience. there was an accident happened
to me in the morning
2
At that time I should go to school early because there was an exam
3
I woke up late because my alarm clock did not ring.
4
so I had
breakfast quickly.
5
I ran out of the house trying to get the buss, but I
missed it.
6
I wanted to take a taxi but I did not have enough money.
7
I was so confuse so I cried.
8
Luckily, I saw my friend who wanted to go to school by car.
9Than we went to school together so I did not late.
10
That was my bad experience.
Saran perbaikan: The Worst Experience
Last week, I had bad experience. There was an accident happened
to me in the morning. At that time I should go to school early because there was an exam.
I woke up late because my alarm clock did not ring. So I had breakfast quickly. I ran out of the house trying to get the bus, but I missed
it. I wanted to take a taxi but I did not have enough money. I was so confuse so I cried.
Luckily, I saw my friend who wanted to go to school by car. Then
we went to school together so we did not late. That was my bad experience.
Dapat dilihat pada karangan S30, terdapat dua kesalahan dalam ejaan bahasa Inggris. Dalam karangan ini juga terdapat dua kesalahan
penulisan huruf kapital dan kurangnya penggunaan tanda baca pada dua kalimat. Salah satu contoh kesalahan ejaan bahasa Inggris pada kalimat
5. Penulisan yang benar seharusnya adalah “I ran out of the house trying
to get the bus, but I missed it”. Oleh karena itu, karangan S30 masih
belum mencapai nilai sesuai dengan KKM.
Contoh Karangan S16 tertinggi pada pretest
Bad Accident in The Morning
1
Last year when I was in Junior High School, I had a bad experience.
2
It happened on Monday morning.
3
I and my friend went to school by motorcycle.
4
On the street there was a red car that made me so angry.
5
While I was riding the motorcycle, there was a red car next to my motorcycle.
6
that red car moved quickly on the street and then splashed
dirty water on us.
7
I and my friend were shocked.
8
All of our uniform were so dirty and wet.
9
At that time we were so angry with the driver.
10
When we arrived at school , we almost late.
11
then we cleaned
our uniform and washed our face.
12
We felt our experience on that day was our bad experience .
Pada karangan S16 di atas tidak ditemukan kesalahan dalam penggunaan ejaan bahasa inggris. Namun, ditemukan dua kesalahan dalam
penulisan tanda baca dan dua kesalahan dalam penulisan huruf kapital pada karangan tersebut. Kesalahan yang dimaksud, pada kalimat 6 dan
pada kalimat 11. Penulisan huruf kapital yang benar pada awal kalimat
tersebut seharusnya adalah “That red car...” dan “Then we cleaned...”
Oleh karena itu, karangan S16 memperoleh nilai yang tidak jauh berbeda dari tahap pretest.
Tabel 4.19 Penilaian Karangan secara Umum pada Aspek Mekanik No
Kesalahan pada huruf kapital atau tanda baca
Kesalahan pada ejaan
1 S06 I went to School by
motorcycle. Saran perbaikan:
I went to school by motorcycle. S13 I cried because I was
afreid. Saran perbaikan:
I cried because I was afraid.
2 S36 My Grandmother lives in
Gianyar. Saran perbaikan:
My grandmother lives in Gianyar.
S09 I was shocked because I loss my bag.
Saran perbaikan: I was shocked because I lost my
bag.
3 S22 My brother gave me shoes
bag and T-Shirt. Saran perbaikan:
My brother gave me shoes , bag ,and T-Shirt
S27 That was the worsted day in my life.
Saran perbaikan: That was the worst day in my life.
4.3.2 Analisis Hasil Posttest Experimental Group
