Concurrent protocols are generated when the problem solver verbalizes their thoughts while working on a specific task. First, the problem solver is trained
to verbalize his or her thoughts using a thinking aloud technique. Second, with a given task, the problem solver verbalizes his or her thoughts while working on a
given task. The process is video andor audio taped, and transcribed. As a result, a thinking-aloud concurrent protocol acts as the generator of the data source, which
is then later coded and analyzed. Retrospective protocols conduct interviews with the problem solver after
the problem solving process, usually immediately. During the interview, the problem solver is asked to recall his or her activities. Interviews are audio andor
videotaped and transcribed. The generated retrospective protocols serve as data for later coding and analysis to reconstruct the problem solving process and gain
insight into what happened during the process. According to Ruuskanen in Creating the ‘Other’: A Pragmatic
Translation Tool in Nababan’s Arah Penelitian Penerjemahan, generally a
professional translator already has a description about the target text readers, and sometimes when interviewed or asked to fill a questionnaire, there is a possibility
that some things which are expressed by the translator are different from what he did when doing a translation work http:iasiuns.blogspot.com.
C. Theoretical Framework
This research aims at answering the problems that have been stated previously. In this part, the application of the theories on the research will be
explained. Theories on translation shift, translation process, theories on English singular and plural nouns and theories on Indonesian singular and plural nouns are
to answer the first question. The first theory discusses the explanation and the types of shift in translation. The second theory describes the process of translating
an SL text into TL text. The third and the fourth theories explain the basic rules and usage of English singular and plural form and Indonesian singular and plural
nouns. The second question is dealt with the effects of the inaccuracy in
translating English singular and plural form into Indonesian. The previous analysis is needed in answering the question. Also, as a supportive data, the writer
needs the opinions of some readers whether they consider Permainan Maut is accurate or not regarding the singular-plural forms. That is why some notes on
functionalism in translation are used. It is used as guidance to get the reaction of the readers and to know their comments about the inaccuracy data through
questionnaire, how it gives effect toward the original story. In answering the third question, the writer will use some notes on
thinking-aloud protocol as basic guidance to conduct an interview with the translator of the novel. These notes can help the writer find out the methodology
of the translator in translating Deadly Game and at the same time find out the reasons of making translation shift in Permainan Maut.
D. Research Framework
To make clear the steps and the goal of this thesis, the writer has provided a diagram to describe the flow of the research.
Meaning shift Translation shift
Accurateinaccurate Effects of
inaccuracy TT
Permainan Maut
Translator ST
Deadly Game
Data compilation STplural
→ TTsingular STsingular
→ TTplural
Inaccuracy analysis
Readers: R1= English lecturer in Sanata
Dharma University R2= English lecturer in Duta
Wacana Christian University R3+R4= English Letters students
R5= English instructor in Adista Aviation Training Center
Reasons of making shift
