However, the translator’s role is considered as very crucial in the translation process, because he or she is ostensibly the expert in the translation
and should be responsible for ensuring that the assignment given in the translation brief is done satisfactorily. Nord explains that the translator studies the translation
brief and gives advice regarding the viability of the translation in view of the specifications given in the client. The other point raised by Nord is that whereas
the translation brief specifies what kind of translation is needed, this brief has to be negotiated between the client and the translator. Nord also states that
translators are not obliged to meet all the demands of the clients, but they have a moral responsibility not to deceive them. Therefore the translator is required to be
loyal to the specifications of the client without violating the original intentions of the source text ST author.
Nord, therefore, places an emphasis on two things: the client’s specifications in the translation brief and the need for the translator to maintain
loyalty to both the client and the author of the ST. That is what constitutes the “function-plus-loyalty” model.
Nord’s functionalist model implies that acceptability of a mother tongue translation can be achieved if the translator harmonizes the desired functions of the
target text with the original communicative functions of the source text. Nord’s functionalist model also implies that a translation that is done with total disregard of
the expectations of the target language community may be irrelevant to the actual needs of the clients and therefore unacceptable.
6. Notes on Thinking-Aloud Protocol
Campbell in Translation into the Second Language states the definition on TAP procedure.
By psychological modelling of the translation process, I mean attempts to infer mental constructs from empirical data. This could be done by
mapping the inferred mental constructs in translators of different levels of ability, or longitudinally in student translators 1998:6.
Another definition comes from Dancette in Comprehension in the Translation Process: An Analysis of Thinking-Aloud Protocol
collected in Dollerup and Lindegaard’s Teaching Translation and Interpreting 2.
When dealing with protocols, it is necessary to be aware of the fact that protocols, even when they are combined with questionnaires and
interviews, are only a posteriori and clumsy and possibly false justification for a performance 1994:120.
As stated by Hom in Thinking Aloud Protocol that although the main benefit of TAP is a better understanding of the users mental model and interaction
with the product, other benefits can be gained as well. For example, the terminology the user uses to express an idea or function should be incorporated
into the product design or at least its documentation jthom.best.vwh.net usabilitythnkalod.htm.
A paper entitled Using Protocol Analysis to Explore the Creative Requirements Engineering Process
states that there are two kinds of approaches to data collection in protocol analysis, they are concurrent and retrospective
http:epress.anu.edu.au. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Concurrent protocols are generated when the problem solver verbalizes their thoughts while working on a specific task. First, the problem solver is trained
to verbalize his or her thoughts using a thinking aloud technique. Second, with a given task, the problem solver verbalizes his or her thoughts while working on a
given task. The process is video andor audio taped, and transcribed. As a result, a thinking-aloud concurrent protocol acts as the generator of the data source, which
is then later coded and analyzed. Retrospective protocols conduct interviews with the problem solver after
the problem solving process, usually immediately. During the interview, the problem solver is asked to recall his or her activities. Interviews are audio andor
videotaped and transcribed. The generated retrospective protocols serve as data for later coding and analysis to reconstruct the problem solving process and gain
insight into what happened during the process. According to Ruuskanen in Creating the ‘Other’: A Pragmatic
Translation Tool in Nababan’s Arah Penelitian Penerjemahan, generally a
professional translator already has a description about the target text readers, and sometimes when interviewed or asked to fill a questionnaire, there is a possibility
that some things which are expressed by the translator are different from what he did when doing a translation work http:iasiuns.blogspot.com.
C. Theoretical Framework
This research aims at answering the problems that have been stated previously. In this part, the application of the theories on the research will be
