Review of Related Studies
linguistics and the extra linguistics elements. Linguistics elements are the language elements such as sentence pattern, clause, phrase, word, etc., while extra
linguistics elements consist of elements outside the language, that is the socio- cultural of the SL.
After understanding the meaning and the structure of the SL, a translator can know the message of the text. The next step is to transmit the message into the
TL. In this phase, a translator has to find the equivalent word between SL and TL. This process is also known as mental process because it occurs in the translator’s
mind. After that, the translator transmits the message into the TL orally or written. The last phase is restructuring. It is a process in which a translator must
pay attention to the language of TL to find the accurate information with the SL. Also, heshe has to pay attention to the target readers of the translated text.
Bell in
Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice draws the
process of translation as follows. Memory
Source language text
Analysis Semantic
representation Synthesis
Target language text
Figure 1. The translation process
The model shows the transformation of an SL text into TL text by means of processes which take place within memory: 1 the analysis of one language-
specific text the SL text into a universal non-language-specific text semantic representation, and 2 the synthesis of the semantic representation into a second
language-specific text the TL text 1991:21.