Component of Interactive PowerPoint

called PowerPoint. Added by interactivity to the users, this program becomes Interactive PowerPoint.

b. Component of Interactive PowerPoint

Interactivity can be defined in many concepts by the experts. Interactivity according to Marcovitz 2004 is very important to be included in multimedia since it enables the students to learn by increasing motivation, by giving them control over learning, and by reaching them through different senses. Johnson as cited in Domagk, Schwartz Plass 2010 considered that interactivity requires two basic conditions: a an interaction occurs between at least two participants, b Reciprocity must be included in the actions of these participants. Reciprocity is known as the action of one party triggers responses to the other leading in turn to changes in the first. Regarding with Johnson’s concept of interactivity, Domagk, Schwartz Plass 2010 conceptualized the definition of interactivity as follow. Interactivity in the context of computer-based multimedia learning is reciprocal activity between a learner and a multimedia learning system, in which the [re]action of the learner is dependent upon the action of the system and vice versa Domagk, Schwartz Plass, 2010. Based on the definition of interactivity according to several experts, the concept of interactivity in this study is defined as the interaction between two participants, a learner and a designed learning model in which it requires reciprocal activity. Learner has control over the learning media and the action of controlling the learning media is influenced by the action of learning media and vice versa. In designing learning model, Marcovitz 2004 suggests many ways to realize. The simplest way is linear which enables the user to move from one slide to the next slide. However, by applying hypermedia in the project, it allows the users to go from one slide to another slide that the user wants; even the user can skip the topic. Some technological components that are involved in Interactive PowerPoint Application consist of pictures, hypertext links, action buttons, Kiosk mode, macros, and saving as PowerPoint Show. Marcovitz 2004 claims that not all types of pictures are recognized by PowerPoint. The following are such pictures recognized by PowerPoint; Graphic Interchange Format .gif, Joint Photographic Experts Group .jpg, Tag Image File Format .tif or .tiff, and Bitmap .bmp. Hyperlink allows the users to jump from one slide to other files including World Wide Web by clicking the button or highlighted text, and PowerPoint provides this capability. The highlighted text should be underlined and change color. The benefit of employing hypertext in PowerPoint presentation is enabling the users to find out the clearer explanation of difficult topic, for example, since according to Chapelle 2003: 27 the hyperlink is not limited to text only but it can connected to an image, audio, or video file. Action Button is another technological component included in the Interactive PowerPoint. Action Button allows the users to click on a button while the learning model designer does not want the users to click on the text to follow the hyperlink. There are various icons with different purposes included in the “Action Button” provided by PowerPoint Marcovitz, 2004: 25. Those icons are linked automatically to the other slides such as “Previous Slide”, “Next Slide”, “Beginning”, “End”, “Home”, “Information”, “Return”, “Movie”, “Document”, “Sound”, “Help”, and “Custom”. To control the navigation of the users in order not to go anywhere, unspecified slides, you can use such technological component provided in PowerPoint. It is called Kiosk Mode. According to Marcovitz 2004: 29 Kiosk Mode does not allow the users to mess up your careful planned choices that must be followed by the users since there are many ways in PowerPoint to move to the next slide by clicking a mouse click, the space bar, the right arrow, and the Page Down. To protect the PowerPoint file from computer viruses and worms that destroys files, it would be better to create virus protection from PowerPoint’s macro protection Marcovitz 2004: 37. After the PowerPoint presentation is finished the last thing to do is to save the file in various saving mode. If you want your PowerPoint file becomes editable you can save the file in “PowerPoint Macro-Enable Presentation” by clicking the office button, choose “Save As” menu and click the triangle at the “Save as type”, scroll down and choose “PowerPoint Macro-Enable Presentation” then click “OK”. However, if the designers do not want the users of your PowerPoint file to edit it, just choose “PowerPoint Macro-Enable Show” at the “Save as type”. All the file type will be .pptm when it is saved in Macro-Enabled mode. The technological components such as pictures, hypertext links, action buttons, Kiosk mode, macros, and saving as PowerPoint Show are applied in the Interactive PowerPoint Application.

c. Interactive PowerPoint Application 1PA