control students learning with the learning model and to keep interactivity between the students and the learning model.
Although the educational technology that was designed to teach reading in this study was different from the software programs designed by Alkahtani
1999, the study goal was similar, i.e. achieving learner autonomy. Beside learner autonomy, other goals that were achieved were assisting reading comprehension
for the students and designing interesting and enjoyable learning model such as the study conducted by Sankey, Birch, Gardner 2010. However, the
researcher implemented this learning model to Junior High School students as the users.
B. Theoretical Framework
This section deliberates the framework to answer the research questions theoretically using thoughtful concept. The first question is dealing with the
learning model multimedia annotations which combine text and picture. To answer this question, the researcher uses CALL principles involving authenticity,
interactivity, and learning autonomy. In addition to design the learning model, the researcher utilizes hypermedia provided in PowerPoint features. Some difficult
vocabularies in reading text typed in the PowerPoint slide will be linked to the other slide containing of pictures and its textual explanation. This type of
explanation is called annotation. Through this annotation, it is expected to facilitate the users in conveying meaning in the process of reading
comprehension. Some PowerPoint features like action buttons are applied in this design in order to ease the users to jump from one slide to another. In addition, to
control the navigation of the users in order not to go anywhere, unspecified slides, you can use such technological component provided in PowerPoint. It is called
Kiosk Mode. According to Marcovitz 2004: 29 Kiosk Mode does not allow the users to mess up your careful planned choices that must be followed by the users
since there are many ways in PowerPoint to move to the next slide by clicking a mouse click, the space bar, the right arrow, and the Page Down.
To answer the second questions related with the expert’s and students’ opinion on the use of Interactive PowerPoint in reading comprehension, the
researcher relies on the theory of perception. This theory deals with feeling, motivation, attitude and interest. After designing learning model, the researcher
intends to find out the expert’s and students’ opinion on using multimedia annotations to facilitate their reading comprehension.
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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the technique and method for answering the research questions as conveyed in chapter I. The elaboration includes research
methodology, the nature and sources of data, research setting and participants, technique of data collection, accountability of instruments and data analysis
technique.
A. Research Method
The focus of conducting this research is mainly to answer two research questions elaborated in chapter 1. They are 1 what the designed learning model
looks like, and 2 what dominant aspects appeared in the designed learning media are out of the eight pedagogical aspects by Egbert Hanson-smith 1999.
Based on the first research question, it is obviously seen that this study was aimed for designing learning model. Therefore, the research method that was
employed in this study was research-based development. Borg Gall 1983 promoted Educational Research and Development R D that was intended to
develop and validate educational product based on the research finding. The product here, according to Borg Gall 1983: 772 are not only material objects
such as textbooks, instructional films, and so on, but also established procedures and processes such as a method of teaching or a method for organizing
instruction. The meaning of products in R D is broad and not only limited on a certain material objects.
