Contexts, When Bound as Contexts, Have No Attributes Contexts Can Create Subcontexts Directly There Are No Remote Iterators
15.4.5 Contexts Are Handled by a Separate Set of Methods
Recall that contexts can be bound into other contexts without being subcontexts. In order to fully support this, we need to have a separate set of context-specific methods. Calling: public void bindPath path, String name, AttributeSet attributes, Remote server and passing in an instance of Context is semantically distinct from calling: public void bindSubContextPath path, String name, Context context throws RemoteException, NamingException; and passing in the same arguments. Note that in order to pass in the same arguments, the attribute set has to be null in the first call. This extra bit of flexibility is rarely used, but is traditional. [ 3] [ 3] Traditional in distributed computing often means, as it does here, The people who designed CORBA did it this way, and I cant think of a good reason to change it.15.4.6 Contexts, When Bound as Contexts, Have No Attributes
Consider what happens when we call: public Remote lookupPath path, String name, AttributeSet attributes throws RemoteException, NamingException; Now consider what happens in the printer example, when we have a location context and attributes that specify the printer more fully. Those attributes dont really apply to the contexts along the path; they really only describe the final server. If we want to associate attributes with contexts, we must associate an AttributeSet with every component of the path. While this is possible, it is rarely useful, and the extra functionality doesnt seem worth the extra complexity, both in server implementation and in client-side coding.15.4.7 Contexts Can Create Subcontexts Directly
Recall one of the design points we discussed in When Should a Subcont ext Be Feder at ed? : Frequently accessed servers should be accessed via paths that stay inside a single naming service. The basic idea is that you should avoid network latency whenever reasonable. Related contexts and paths that are frequently accessed as units should exist on a single machine, and should probably exist inside a single JVM. This means that, in daily use of a naming service with a well- structured context hierarchy, the following case holds: Most of the frequently accessed subcontexts of any given context will be objects inside the same JVM. [ 4] [ 4] That is, Federation is very useful and rarely used. In order to support this in a flexible way, a context needs to be able to create subcontexts directly; since bind cannot create an object inside another JVM, we need the createSubContext method. createSubContext also implicitly binds the created subcontext.15.4.8 There Are No Remote Iterators
This is another decision based on past experience and anticipated usage and may be removed quickly in Version 2.0. Basically, the idea is that with the addition of a well-designed set of attributes, queries should have very few return values of which, even fewer are superfluous. This means, in the general case, iterators would make the clients more complex without saving us much bandwidth. For now, the interface seems complicated enough.15.5 The Value Objects
Parts
» OReilly.Java.Rmi. 2313KB Mar 29 2010 05:03:49 AM
» Writing data Resource management
» Some Useful Intermediate Streams
» Revisiting the ViewFile Application
» Protocols Metadata Protocols and Metadata
» The accept method A Simple Web Server
» Customizing Socket Behavior Sockets
» Direct Stream Manipulation Subclassing Socket Is a Better Solution
» A Special-Purpose Socket Special-Purpose Sockets
» Factories Socket Factories Special-Purpose Sockets
» Registering providers Using SSL with JSSE
» Configuring SSLServerSocket Using SSL with JSSE
» A Network-Based Printer A Socket-Based Printer Server
» The Basic Objects A Socket-Based Printer Server
» DocumentDescription Encapsulation and Sending Objects
» ClientNetworkWrapper Network-Aware Wrapper Objects
» ServerNetworkWrapper Network-Aware Wrapper Objects
» Passing by Value Versus Passing by Reference
» The Architecture Diagram Revisited
» The Printer Interface Implementing the Basic Objects
» Examining the skeleton Implementing a Printer
» DocumentDescription The Data Objects
» The Client Application Summary
» The Bank Example Introducing the Bank Example
» Security Scalability Design Postponements
» The Basic Use Case A Distributed Architecturefor the Bank Example
» Partial Failures Problems That Arise in Distributed Applications
» Network Latency Problems That Arise in Distributed Applications
» Memory, in general, is not an issue here Sockets in RMI arent a limitation either
» Applying this to Bank versus Accounts
» Should We Implement Bank or Account?
» Iterators, again Applying this to the Account interface
» Applying this to the Account interface
» Data Objects Dont Usually Have Functional Methods Interfaces Give You the Data Objects
» Accounting for Partial Failure
» A Server That Extends UnicastRemoteObject A Server That Does Not Extend UnicastRemoteObject
» The benefits of UnicastRemoteObject
» The costs of UnicastRemoteObject
» Getting Rid of the Skeletons
» Build Test Applications The Rest of the Application
» Dont Hold Connections to a Server Youre Not Using
» Validate Arguments on the Client Side Whenever Reasonable
» The Actual Client Application
» Deploying the Application The Rest of the Application
» Drilling Down on Object Creation
» The write methods ObjectOutputStream
» The stream manipulation methods Methods that customize the serialization mechanism
» The read methods ObjectInputStream
» Declaring transient fields Implementing writeObject and readObject
» Implement the Serializable Interface Make Sure That Superclass State Is Handled Correctly
» The Data Format The Serialization Algorithm
» Writing A Simplified Version of the Serialization Algorithm
» annotateClass replaceObject RMI Customizes the Serialization Algorithm
» Maintaining Direct Connections The Serialization Algorithm
» The Two Types of Versioning Problems
» How Serialization Detects When a Class Has Changed Implementing Your Own Versioning Scheme
» Serialization Depends on Reflection Serialization Has a Verbose Data Format
» It Is Easy to Send More Data Than Is Required
» Comparing Externalizable to Serializable
» The Calling Stack Basic Terminology
» The Heap Threads Basic Terminology
» Mutexes Applying This to the Printer Server
» Controlling Individual Threads Threading Concepts
» Coordinating Thread Activities Threading Concepts
» Cache Management Assigning Priorities to Threads
» The effects of synchronization on the threads local cache
» The wait methods The notify methods
» Starting a thread is easy Stopping a thread is harder
» Using Runnable instead of subclassing Thread Useful methods defined on the Thread class
» The Basic Task Implementing Threading
» Applying this to the bank example
» Synchronize around the smallest possible block of code
» Dont synchronize across device accesses
» Concurrent modification exceptions Be Careful When Using Container Classes
» Start with Code That Works Use Containers to Mediate Interthread Communication
» Immutable Objects Are Automatically Threadsafe Always Have a Safe Way to Stop Your Threads
» Pay Careful Attention to What You Serialize
» Use Threading to Reduce Response-Time Variance Limit the Number of Objects a Thread Touches
» Acquire Locks in a Fixed Order Use Worker Threads to Prevent Deadlocks
» The Idea of a Pool Two Interfaces That Define a Pool
» A First Implementation of Pooling
» Problems with SimplePool Pools: An Extended Example
» The Creation Thread Pools: An Extended Example
» Gradually Shrinking the Pool
» What Were Testing Testing the Bank Application
» When Are Naming Services Appropriate?
» bind , rebind , and unbind lookup and list
» Bootstrapping the Registry The RMI Registry Is an RMI Server
» Querying the Registry Launching an Application-Specific Registry
» Filesystems Yellow pages The general idea of directories and entries
» Security Issues The RMI Registry
» Operations on contexts Hierarchies
» Attributes are string-valued, name-value pairs
» Federation Federation and Threading
» Value Objects Represent Sets and Lists Paths, Names, and Attributes Are All Distinct
» AttributeSet The Value Objects
» Path and ContextList The Value Objects
» The Context Interface The Java Naming and Directory Interface JNDI
» Using JNDI with the Bank Example
» How RMI Solves the Bootstrapping Problem
» Ordinary Garbage Collection Distributed Garbage Collection
» Defining Network Garbage Distributed Garbage Collection
» Leasing Distributed Garbage Collection
» The Actual Distributed Garbage Collector The Unreferenced Interface
» The Standard Log RMIs Logging Facilities
» The Specialized Logs RMIs Logging Facilities
» java.rmi.server.randomIDs sun.rmi.server.exceptionTrace
» sun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval sun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval
» sun.rmi.dgc.checkInterval sun.rmi.dgc.cleanInterval
» Resource Management Factories and the Activation Framework
» A Basic Factory Implementing a Generic Factory
» The new factory Building on the Account-Locking Mechanism
» The new account The launch code and the client
» Persistence and the Server Lifecycle
» Making a server into an activatable object
» Deploying an Activatable System
» ActivationDesc, ActivationGroupDesc, and ActivationGroup in More Detail
» Shutting Down an Activatable Server
» -port -log rmid Command-Line Arguments
» sun.rmi.server.activation.debugExec
» A Final Word About Factories
» Implementing Serializable Implementing equals and hashCode
» Modifying Ordinary Servers Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» Modifying Activatable Servers Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» Interaction with Parameters Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» A Redeployment Scenario How Dynamic Classloading Works
» A Multiple-Deployment Scenario How Dynamic Classloading Works
» Requesting a Class The Class Server
» Receiving a Class Handling JAR files
» Suns Class Server The Class Server
» Server-Side Changes Using Dynamic Classloadingin an Application
» Naming-Service Changes Using Dynamic Classloadingin an Application
» Client-Side Changes Disabling Dynamic Classloading Entirely
» A Different Kind of Security Problem
» AWT permissions The Types of Permissions
» File permissions Socket permissions
» Property permissions The Types of Permissions
» Installing an Instance of SecurityManager
» How a Security Manager Works java.security.debug
» Using Security Policies with RMI Policy Tool
» Printer-Type Methods Report-Type Methods
» Client-side polling Polling code in the printer application
» Server-side callbacks Define a client-side callback interface
» Implement the client-side interface
» Server-evaluation models Ch a pt e r 7
» Iterators on the client side
» Implementing Background Downloading on the Client Side
» The Common Gateway Interface Servlets
» Naming services and the server machine
» The Servlet Code A Servlet Implementationof HTTP Tunneling
» Modifying the Tunneling Mechanism
» Disabling HTTP Tunneling HTTP Tunneling
» Defining the Interface Generating Stubs and Skeletons
» The Server The Launch and Client Code
Show more