What Were Testing Testing the Bank Application
13.1 Testing the Bank Application
After all of the alterations in Chapt er 11 and Chapt er 12 , we now have a version of the bank example that we think is threadsafe and scalable. [ 2] If you can make a claim, you should be able to provide evidence that the claim is correct. So we will now proceed to test the code weve put in place. [ 2] Contained in the package com.ora.rmibook.chapter12.bank.scale and its subpackages.13.1.1 What Were Testing
Any reasonable set of tests checks two different things: correctness and scalability. Correctness is a simple property; were testing whether, for an isolated client, the application actually works. The questions we have to ask ourselves are: • Can the client connect to the server? • Can the client perform remote method calls? • Does the server do the right thing when the client makes a method call? Scalability, on the other hand, is a more subtle property. Basically, were concerned about the behavior of the application as the load increases. This encompasses five basic questions. In order of descending importance they are: Is the application still correct from the point of view of a single client? If the application no longer functions correctly when there are multiple clients, then weve got a serious problem. Its probably thread related; we probably have two client requests that interfere with each other. Is the applications performance under typical client loads acceptable? This is the single most important performance test. If the user cant use the application because its too slow, then the application is useless. Can the application handle peak loads? The application is allowed to get slower when usage unexpectedly spikes. But it shouldnt crash, or consume disproportionate amounts of server resources. How does the applications response time degrade as the number of clients increases? The applications performance will degrade as we add clients. The goal is to have the performance degrade gracefully. Typically, the way you measure this is in terms of average response time versus the number of users e.g., When there are 30 users, the average response time is 134 milliseconds for a withdrawal. What wed love is a flat relationship: constant response time as the number of users increase. But since each additional user will consume extra resources and computing time, thats impossible once a server starts to get busy. The best we can hope for is a linear relationship between the number of users and the the response time. This is hard to achieve. How does the application behave over long-term usage? The issues here revolve around the performance of the server when you leave it running for an extended period of time. Does it leak memory? Does it gradually lose the ability to respond? The memory and resource footprint of the server when it has no clients should be the same, no matter how long the servers been running. And the server should have the same performance characteristics after five weeks in operation as when it was first started. If this isnt the case, and there is no explanation for why the servers profile has changed, then the server is not ready to be deployed.13.1.2 How to Test a Server
Parts
» OReilly.Java.Rmi. 2313KB Mar 29 2010 05:03:49 AM
» Writing data Resource management
» Some Useful Intermediate Streams
» Revisiting the ViewFile Application
» Protocols Metadata Protocols and Metadata
» The accept method A Simple Web Server
» Customizing Socket Behavior Sockets
» Direct Stream Manipulation Subclassing Socket Is a Better Solution
» A Special-Purpose Socket Special-Purpose Sockets
» Factories Socket Factories Special-Purpose Sockets
» Registering providers Using SSL with JSSE
» Configuring SSLServerSocket Using SSL with JSSE
» A Network-Based Printer A Socket-Based Printer Server
» The Basic Objects A Socket-Based Printer Server
» DocumentDescription Encapsulation and Sending Objects
» ClientNetworkWrapper Network-Aware Wrapper Objects
» ServerNetworkWrapper Network-Aware Wrapper Objects
» Passing by Value Versus Passing by Reference
» The Architecture Diagram Revisited
» The Printer Interface Implementing the Basic Objects
» Examining the skeleton Implementing a Printer
» DocumentDescription The Data Objects
» The Client Application Summary
» The Bank Example Introducing the Bank Example
» Security Scalability Design Postponements
» The Basic Use Case A Distributed Architecturefor the Bank Example
» Partial Failures Problems That Arise in Distributed Applications
» Network Latency Problems That Arise in Distributed Applications
» Memory, in general, is not an issue here Sockets in RMI arent a limitation either
» Applying this to Bank versus Accounts
» Should We Implement Bank or Account?
» Iterators, again Applying this to the Account interface
» Applying this to the Account interface
» Data Objects Dont Usually Have Functional Methods Interfaces Give You the Data Objects
» Accounting for Partial Failure
» A Server That Extends UnicastRemoteObject A Server That Does Not Extend UnicastRemoteObject
» The benefits of UnicastRemoteObject
» The costs of UnicastRemoteObject
» Getting Rid of the Skeletons
» Build Test Applications The Rest of the Application
» Dont Hold Connections to a Server Youre Not Using
» Validate Arguments on the Client Side Whenever Reasonable
» The Actual Client Application
» Deploying the Application The Rest of the Application
» Drilling Down on Object Creation
» The write methods ObjectOutputStream
» The stream manipulation methods Methods that customize the serialization mechanism
» The read methods ObjectInputStream
» Declaring transient fields Implementing writeObject and readObject
» Implement the Serializable Interface Make Sure That Superclass State Is Handled Correctly
» The Data Format The Serialization Algorithm
» Writing A Simplified Version of the Serialization Algorithm
» annotateClass replaceObject RMI Customizes the Serialization Algorithm
» Maintaining Direct Connections The Serialization Algorithm
» The Two Types of Versioning Problems
» How Serialization Detects When a Class Has Changed Implementing Your Own Versioning Scheme
» Serialization Depends on Reflection Serialization Has a Verbose Data Format
» It Is Easy to Send More Data Than Is Required
» Comparing Externalizable to Serializable
» The Calling Stack Basic Terminology
» The Heap Threads Basic Terminology
» Mutexes Applying This to the Printer Server
» Controlling Individual Threads Threading Concepts
» Coordinating Thread Activities Threading Concepts
» Cache Management Assigning Priorities to Threads
» The effects of synchronization on the threads local cache
» The wait methods The notify methods
» Starting a thread is easy Stopping a thread is harder
» Using Runnable instead of subclassing Thread Useful methods defined on the Thread class
» The Basic Task Implementing Threading
» Applying this to the bank example
» Synchronize around the smallest possible block of code
» Dont synchronize across device accesses
» Concurrent modification exceptions Be Careful When Using Container Classes
» Start with Code That Works Use Containers to Mediate Interthread Communication
» Immutable Objects Are Automatically Threadsafe Always Have a Safe Way to Stop Your Threads
» Pay Careful Attention to What You Serialize
» Use Threading to Reduce Response-Time Variance Limit the Number of Objects a Thread Touches
» Acquire Locks in a Fixed Order Use Worker Threads to Prevent Deadlocks
» The Idea of a Pool Two Interfaces That Define a Pool
» A First Implementation of Pooling
» Problems with SimplePool Pools: An Extended Example
» The Creation Thread Pools: An Extended Example
» Gradually Shrinking the Pool
» What Were Testing Testing the Bank Application
» When Are Naming Services Appropriate?
» bind , rebind , and unbind lookup and list
» Bootstrapping the Registry The RMI Registry Is an RMI Server
» Querying the Registry Launching an Application-Specific Registry
» Filesystems Yellow pages The general idea of directories and entries
» Security Issues The RMI Registry
» Operations on contexts Hierarchies
» Attributes are string-valued, name-value pairs
» Federation Federation and Threading
» Value Objects Represent Sets and Lists Paths, Names, and Attributes Are All Distinct
» AttributeSet The Value Objects
» Path and ContextList The Value Objects
» The Context Interface The Java Naming and Directory Interface JNDI
» Using JNDI with the Bank Example
» How RMI Solves the Bootstrapping Problem
» Ordinary Garbage Collection Distributed Garbage Collection
» Defining Network Garbage Distributed Garbage Collection
» Leasing Distributed Garbage Collection
» The Actual Distributed Garbage Collector The Unreferenced Interface
» The Standard Log RMIs Logging Facilities
» The Specialized Logs RMIs Logging Facilities
» java.rmi.server.randomIDs sun.rmi.server.exceptionTrace
» sun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval sun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval
» sun.rmi.dgc.checkInterval sun.rmi.dgc.cleanInterval
» Resource Management Factories and the Activation Framework
» A Basic Factory Implementing a Generic Factory
» The new factory Building on the Account-Locking Mechanism
» The new account The launch code and the client
» Persistence and the Server Lifecycle
» Making a server into an activatable object
» Deploying an Activatable System
» ActivationDesc, ActivationGroupDesc, and ActivationGroup in More Detail
» Shutting Down an Activatable Server
» -port -log rmid Command-Line Arguments
» sun.rmi.server.activation.debugExec
» A Final Word About Factories
» Implementing Serializable Implementing equals and hashCode
» Modifying Ordinary Servers Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» Modifying Activatable Servers Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» Interaction with Parameters Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» A Redeployment Scenario How Dynamic Classloading Works
» A Multiple-Deployment Scenario How Dynamic Classloading Works
» Requesting a Class The Class Server
» Receiving a Class Handling JAR files
» Suns Class Server The Class Server
» Server-Side Changes Using Dynamic Classloadingin an Application
» Naming-Service Changes Using Dynamic Classloadingin an Application
» Client-Side Changes Disabling Dynamic Classloading Entirely
» A Different Kind of Security Problem
» AWT permissions The Types of Permissions
» File permissions Socket permissions
» Property permissions The Types of Permissions
» Installing an Instance of SecurityManager
» How a Security Manager Works java.security.debug
» Using Security Policies with RMI Policy Tool
» Printer-Type Methods Report-Type Methods
» Client-side polling Polling code in the printer application
» Server-side callbacks Define a client-side callback interface
» Implement the client-side interface
» Server-evaluation models Ch a pt e r 7
» Iterators on the client side
» Implementing Background Downloading on the Client Side
» The Common Gateway Interface Servlets
» Naming services and the server machine
» The Servlet Code A Servlet Implementationof HTTP Tunneling
» Modifying the Tunneling Mechanism
» Disabling HTTP Tunneling HTTP Tunneling
» Defining the Interface Generating Stubs and Skeletons
» The Server The Launch and Client Code
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