Build Test Applications The Rest of the Application
9.3 Build Test Applications
We all know that code needs to be tested. Thoroughly. So the following sad story shouldnt be necessary. But Im going to tell it anyway. Once upon a time, I worked for a consulting company, building a distributed application for a client. The application was written in Objective-C [ 3] for computers running the NeXTSTEP [ 4] operating system. And it utilized NeXTs Portable Distributed Objects PDO framework. [ 3] Never heard of it? Think Smalltalk with a C syntax. [ 4] An obscure Unix variant. We wrote the application. Each object worked correctly. The networking worked fine. And we even tested the application with all 10 developers running it at once. The server worked beautifully, the application ran quickly, and everything was wonderful. The customer was skeptical. So the application was rolled out to a limited number of users for testing. Everything worked fine, and the customer was enthused. We delivered an application that worked well, and we actually came in ahead of schedule. We were beaming with pride as they rolled out the application to the entire organization. At which point, of course, the application no longer worked. It turned out that the server wasnt quite as robust as wed thought. It couldnt handle large numbers of simultaneous clients. And our testing, which was actually quite thorough, failed to uncover this fact. Lets examine why. We tested: • The underlying server logic that handled each client request • The connection logic so clients could find the servers easily • The ability of the application to handle a dozen or so users But we assumed that this would be sufficent If it can do this stuff, its working fine. This was a very bad mistake. Simulate the clients environment as much as you can. If youre planning to deploy 500 clients, you need to actually test with 500 clients. Actually, test with more clients than you plan to have. Successful applications frequently see heavier use than expected. Testing our banking application isnt really very feasible right now. For one thing, stress testing is usually done with applications that simulate dozens of clients simultaneously. For another, our implementation of AccountImpl wont actually work correctly if more than one client connects with it simultaneously it isnt threadsafe. But testing is an important part of the development process, and thus deserves to be mentioned in our overall sketch of the RMI development cycle.9.4 Build the Client Application
Parts
» OReilly.Java.Rmi. 2313KB Mar 29 2010 05:03:49 AM
» Writing data Resource management
» Some Useful Intermediate Streams
» Revisiting the ViewFile Application
» Protocols Metadata Protocols and Metadata
» The accept method A Simple Web Server
» Customizing Socket Behavior Sockets
» Direct Stream Manipulation Subclassing Socket Is a Better Solution
» A Special-Purpose Socket Special-Purpose Sockets
» Factories Socket Factories Special-Purpose Sockets
» Registering providers Using SSL with JSSE
» Configuring SSLServerSocket Using SSL with JSSE
» A Network-Based Printer A Socket-Based Printer Server
» The Basic Objects A Socket-Based Printer Server
» DocumentDescription Encapsulation and Sending Objects
» ClientNetworkWrapper Network-Aware Wrapper Objects
» ServerNetworkWrapper Network-Aware Wrapper Objects
» Passing by Value Versus Passing by Reference
» The Architecture Diagram Revisited
» The Printer Interface Implementing the Basic Objects
» Examining the skeleton Implementing a Printer
» DocumentDescription The Data Objects
» The Client Application Summary
» The Bank Example Introducing the Bank Example
» Security Scalability Design Postponements
» The Basic Use Case A Distributed Architecturefor the Bank Example
» Partial Failures Problems That Arise in Distributed Applications
» Network Latency Problems That Arise in Distributed Applications
» Memory, in general, is not an issue here Sockets in RMI arent a limitation either
» Applying this to Bank versus Accounts
» Should We Implement Bank or Account?
» Iterators, again Applying this to the Account interface
» Applying this to the Account interface
» Data Objects Dont Usually Have Functional Methods Interfaces Give You the Data Objects
» Accounting for Partial Failure
» A Server That Extends UnicastRemoteObject A Server That Does Not Extend UnicastRemoteObject
» The benefits of UnicastRemoteObject
» The costs of UnicastRemoteObject
» Getting Rid of the Skeletons
» Build Test Applications The Rest of the Application
» Dont Hold Connections to a Server Youre Not Using
» Validate Arguments on the Client Side Whenever Reasonable
» The Actual Client Application
» Deploying the Application The Rest of the Application
» Drilling Down on Object Creation
» The write methods ObjectOutputStream
» The stream manipulation methods Methods that customize the serialization mechanism
» The read methods ObjectInputStream
» Declaring transient fields Implementing writeObject and readObject
» Implement the Serializable Interface Make Sure That Superclass State Is Handled Correctly
» The Data Format The Serialization Algorithm
» Writing A Simplified Version of the Serialization Algorithm
» annotateClass replaceObject RMI Customizes the Serialization Algorithm
» Maintaining Direct Connections The Serialization Algorithm
» The Two Types of Versioning Problems
» How Serialization Detects When a Class Has Changed Implementing Your Own Versioning Scheme
» Serialization Depends on Reflection Serialization Has a Verbose Data Format
» It Is Easy to Send More Data Than Is Required
» Comparing Externalizable to Serializable
» The Calling Stack Basic Terminology
» The Heap Threads Basic Terminology
» Mutexes Applying This to the Printer Server
» Controlling Individual Threads Threading Concepts
» Coordinating Thread Activities Threading Concepts
» Cache Management Assigning Priorities to Threads
» The effects of synchronization on the threads local cache
» The wait methods The notify methods
» Starting a thread is easy Stopping a thread is harder
» Using Runnable instead of subclassing Thread Useful methods defined on the Thread class
» The Basic Task Implementing Threading
» Applying this to the bank example
» Synchronize around the smallest possible block of code
» Dont synchronize across device accesses
» Concurrent modification exceptions Be Careful When Using Container Classes
» Start with Code That Works Use Containers to Mediate Interthread Communication
» Immutable Objects Are Automatically Threadsafe Always Have a Safe Way to Stop Your Threads
» Pay Careful Attention to What You Serialize
» Use Threading to Reduce Response-Time Variance Limit the Number of Objects a Thread Touches
» Acquire Locks in a Fixed Order Use Worker Threads to Prevent Deadlocks
» The Idea of a Pool Two Interfaces That Define a Pool
» A First Implementation of Pooling
» Problems with SimplePool Pools: An Extended Example
» The Creation Thread Pools: An Extended Example
» Gradually Shrinking the Pool
» What Were Testing Testing the Bank Application
» When Are Naming Services Appropriate?
» bind , rebind , and unbind lookup and list
» Bootstrapping the Registry The RMI Registry Is an RMI Server
» Querying the Registry Launching an Application-Specific Registry
» Filesystems Yellow pages The general idea of directories and entries
» Security Issues The RMI Registry
» Operations on contexts Hierarchies
» Attributes are string-valued, name-value pairs
» Federation Federation and Threading
» Value Objects Represent Sets and Lists Paths, Names, and Attributes Are All Distinct
» AttributeSet The Value Objects
» Path and ContextList The Value Objects
» The Context Interface The Java Naming and Directory Interface JNDI
» Using JNDI with the Bank Example
» How RMI Solves the Bootstrapping Problem
» Ordinary Garbage Collection Distributed Garbage Collection
» Defining Network Garbage Distributed Garbage Collection
» Leasing Distributed Garbage Collection
» The Actual Distributed Garbage Collector The Unreferenced Interface
» The Standard Log RMIs Logging Facilities
» The Specialized Logs RMIs Logging Facilities
» java.rmi.server.randomIDs sun.rmi.server.exceptionTrace
» sun.rmi.dgc.client.gcInterval sun.rmi.dgc.server.gcInterval
» sun.rmi.dgc.checkInterval sun.rmi.dgc.cleanInterval
» Resource Management Factories and the Activation Framework
» A Basic Factory Implementing a Generic Factory
» The new factory Building on the Account-Locking Mechanism
» The new account The launch code and the client
» Persistence and the Server Lifecycle
» Making a server into an activatable object
» Deploying an Activatable System
» ActivationDesc, ActivationGroupDesc, and ActivationGroup in More Detail
» Shutting Down an Activatable Server
» -port -log rmid Command-Line Arguments
» sun.rmi.server.activation.debugExec
» A Final Word About Factories
» Implementing Serializable Implementing equals and hashCode
» Modifying Ordinary Servers Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» Modifying Activatable Servers Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» Interaction with Parameters Incorporating a Custom Socket into an Application
» A Redeployment Scenario How Dynamic Classloading Works
» A Multiple-Deployment Scenario How Dynamic Classloading Works
» Requesting a Class The Class Server
» Receiving a Class Handling JAR files
» Suns Class Server The Class Server
» Server-Side Changes Using Dynamic Classloadingin an Application
» Naming-Service Changes Using Dynamic Classloadingin an Application
» Client-Side Changes Disabling Dynamic Classloading Entirely
» A Different Kind of Security Problem
» AWT permissions The Types of Permissions
» File permissions Socket permissions
» Property permissions The Types of Permissions
» Installing an Instance of SecurityManager
» How a Security Manager Works java.security.debug
» Using Security Policies with RMI Policy Tool
» Printer-Type Methods Report-Type Methods
» Client-side polling Polling code in the printer application
» Server-side callbacks Define a client-side callback interface
» Implement the client-side interface
» Server-evaluation models Ch a pt e r 7
» Iterators on the client side
» Implementing Background Downloading on the Client Side
» The Common Gateway Interface Servlets
» Naming services and the server machine
» The Servlet Code A Servlet Implementationof HTTP Tunneling
» Modifying the Tunneling Mechanism
» Disabling HTTP Tunneling HTTP Tunneling
» Defining the Interface Generating Stubs and Skeletons
» The Server The Launch and Client Code
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