62 attached to betting games. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia defines sabung ayam
as a fighting between two roosters as originally written as “perkelahian atara dua ekor ayam jantan,” p. 858. Whereas, based on Steven and Schmidgall-Tellings’
A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary, sabung ayam is “fighting cock” p. 852. Those dictionary definitions imply that sabung ayam is a kind of leisure
activity done by engaging two roosters in a fight; moreover, the context stated in the poem also shows that it precisely refers to the reference defined by
dictionaries. Therefore, since this leisure activity is renowned in Indonesian culture, the word sabung ayam belongs to Indonesian culture-specific term
specifically to the category of social culture.
g. “musim panas datang berduaan dengan angin si gender” Abdul Hadi’s
Kidung Putih, p. 154 Gender is a Javanese traditional music instrument—one of gamelan
instrument which looks like a xylophone with metal to resemble each tone. From its use, it can be concluded that gender is a term of art specifically originated from
Javanese tradition. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia defines gender as a Javanese gamelan instrument made from 14 metallic plates and bamboos to echo the sound
originally defined as “gamelan Jawa yang dibuat dari bilah-bilah logam berjumlah empat belas buah dengan pernggema dari bambu,” p. 308. Whilst,
according to Steven and Schmidgall-Tellings’ A Comprehensive Indonesian- English Dictionary, gender is a “gamelan instrument” or “xylophone with bronze
keys suspended over bamboo sounding tubes” p. 314. By considering the
63 context in the poem, the researcher also found out that the word gender exactly
refers to a traditional musical instrument included in the ensemble set of gamelan. Newmark 1988: 95 shows that example of social culture are mostly
words related to work and leisure. Furthermore, some of examples he proposes are related to terms which includes music and its instrument as representations of it.
Thus, gender represents the category of social culture of culture-specific terms due to its definition and use as a traditional music instrument.
h. “berpesta di angkasa riuh memukul kendangnya di rimba-rimba” Hadi’s
Landskap 1971 untuk Angela Davis, p. 162 Kendang is defined as a Javanese term of gendang originally written as
“gendang,” p. 478, while gendang, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, is defined as a musical instrument in the shape of long and round wood covered with leather
on one or both side with a cavity inside originally written as “alat bunyi-bunyian berupa kayu bulat panjang, di dalamnya berongga dan pada salah satu
lubangnya atau kedua-duanya diberi kulit,” p. 308. Meanwhile, Steven and Schmidgall-Tellings describe kendang as a “conical-shaped drum resting on
crossbeams and beaten with both hands; used to direct or conduct a group of players” p. 480.
Based on dictionary definitions presented above and judgments made from the context, a conclusion can be drawn about the meaning of the word
kendang. Apparently, the word kendang refers to a music instrument used in Indonesian leisure activity. Therefore, it belongs to the category of social culture.
