Research Setting Research Data

44 In qualitative research, there are general steps that are used to analyze the data. Creswell 2007 defines the first steps of the data analysis as “preparing” and “organizing” the data for analysis. In this step, the researcher read and analyzed all poems in the anthology On Foreign Shores . The researcher identified culture- specific terms based on the categorization proposed by Newmark 1988. The second, sorting the data into some categories through a process of “coding” Creswell, 2007: 148. In this research, data were categorized in double layers; The first layers are to analyze culture-specific terms in the all poems, while the second layer is to analyze procedures used to translate them into English. First, the researcher categorized the data and put them into categories of culture- specific terms which had been given specific codes, e.g., ecology category was given a code ECO. Each datum was put into specific categories in which they belong. Second, the researcher categorized the data of culture-specific terms, and then analyzed what procedures used in translating them into English based on procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet 1958 as well as Newmark 1988. Each procedure had been given a specific code, e.g., Borrowing was given a code BO. The first coding dealt with the solving of the first research problem, while the second coding dealt with the solving of the second research problem. The last step is presenting the data in the form of tables. After the data were prepared and organized, the researcher put them into two tables. The first table was Table 3.1 to distinguish the categories of culture-specific terms in the poems, as to solve the first research problem. Furthermore, the second table, namely Table 3.2 was used to analyze procedures applied to translate culture- 45 specific terms from Bahasa Indonesia into English, as to solve the second research problem. In the end, the researcher described Table 3.1 based on each category and Table 3.2 based on each applied procedure.

F. Research Procedures

In this part, the researcher explained the steps in conducting the research. The steps were as follows:

1. Deciding the topic to discuss

The researcher decided one topic to discuss among many topics. The decided topic was “procedures to translate culture-specific terms and onomatopoeic words from Bahasa Indonesia to English in On Foreign Shores.” To proceed discussing this topic, the researcher needed theories from related literature, such as theories of language, translation, and cross-cultural communication; theories of culture-specific terms; and theories of translation procedures.

2. Conducting library study

After deciding the topic, the researcher conducted a library study to support the topic with theories from experts. At first, the researcher equipped himself with knowledge on how language, translation, and cross-cultural communication are interrelated by employing the studies from Catford 1965, Nida Taber 1982, Larson 1984, Munday 2001, Choliludin 2005, and other experts. Later, the researcher employed the theory from Newmark 1988