60
c. “sambil nembang bapak pocung” Yatman’s Melintasi Atlantik, p.130
Bapak pocung is also one of macapat songs in Javanese tradition. Bapak pocung is sometimes called as bapak pucung or pucung. According to Kamus
Besar Bahasa Indonesia, bapak pocung or pucung is defined as a form of macapat composition which is usually used to tell spoof, anecdote, and riddle
originally defined as “bentuk komposisi tembang macapat, biasanya dipakai untuk menceritakan hal-hal yang ringan, jenaka, atau teka-teki,” p. 794. Pucung
has 4 lines 4 gatra, in which the first line has 12 syllables finalized in u sound, the second line has six syllables ended in a sound, the third line has 8 syllables
ended in i sound, and the fourth line has 12 syllables ended in a sound. The same
as the word megatruh, bapak pocung also literally refers to a macapat song. In Stevens and Schmidgall-Tellings’
A Comprehensive Indonesian-English
Dictionary, the word pucung is defined as a “song form” in Javanese p. 779. Therefore, this word as a music term in particular culture belongs to the category
of social culture.
d. “dalam tetembangan dandanggula” Yatman’s Melintasi Atlantik, p. 132
The word dandanggula in Yatman’s Melintasi Atlantik also refers to a macapat song in the Javanese tradition. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
categorizes it as an art word and defines it as a form of Javanese and Sundanese poem or song that express joyfulness or victory it is originally defined as “bentuk
pusi Jawa dan Sunda termasuk jenis tembang, yang melukiskan rasa suka cita atau kemenangan,” p. 208. Dandanggula has 10 lines 10 gatra and the guru
wilangan and guru swara structure of which is described as follows: 10i, 10a, 8e,
61 7u, 9i, 7a, 6u, 8a, 12i, 7a. Meanwhile, the word dandanggula is defined as a
“Javanese meter in music” p 225. In addition, based on the context given in the poem, the word dandanggula also literally refers to a title of macapat song.
Therefore, the word dandanggula, an existing ancient form of traditional music in Javanese culture, belongs to the the category of social culture.
e. “nina bobo” Yatman’s Impresi Honolulu, p. 134 or “ninabobo yang
menentramkan, kupahatkan padanya” Hadi’s Dini Hari Musim Semi, p. 160 Nina bobo or ninabobo is a title of a song which is sung to aid the
process of a child to go to sleep. In other word, nina bobo is a title of a lullaby in Indonesia. This word is coined into Bahasa Indonesia becoming a noun which
means a song sung before a child go to sleep originally written “nyanyian untuk menidurkan anak,” Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, p. 690 and a verb which
means to sing a song for children in order to make them sleep originally defined as “menyanyikan lagu untuk anak supaya tidur,” Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia,
p. 690. In other hand, Stevens and Schmidgall-Tellings in A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary define the word ninabobo as a “lullaby” p. 665.
The contexts also emphasize that the phrase nina bobo here exactly refers to the title of the song described in dictionaries, which is sung to led someone to sleep.
According to its origin, nina bobo belongs to the category of social culture.
f. “Dewa-dewa di pulau ini tidak membenci sabung ayam.” Nadjira’s Sepasang
Turis, p.138 Sabung ayam is a kind of leisure activity which is often practiced in Bali,
Indonesia. This phrase refers to a contest of rooster fighting which is sometimes
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