Reef Fisheries Economic Utility Estimation
Tabel 17. Regression coefficient of catch reef fisheries resources in Kapoa, Waonu and Tongali Villages.
Kapoa Village Coefficients
Standard Error
t Stat P-value
Lower 95
Upper 95
Intercept b -0.29031
0.3637 -0.79829
0.42899 -1.0232
0.442609 Price b
1
-1.01336 0.0271
-37.3528 5.77E-35
-1.0680 -0.95868
Age b
2
-0.01258 0.0262
-0.47939 0.00340
-0.0655 0.040314
Education b
3
0.037111 0.0336
1.10321 0.02759
-0.0307 0.104905
Dependent b
4
-0.03286 0.013
-2.51031 0.01581
-0.0592 -0.00648
Income b
5
1.033752 0.0191
54.04 7.15E-42
0.9952 1.072305
Waonu Village Coefficients
Standard Error
t Stat P-value
Lower 95
Upper 95
Intercept b 0.1239
0.2985 0.415194
0.6800 -0.4777
0.7256 Price b
1
-1.0023 0.01074
-93.2986 3.25E-52
-1.0240 -0.981
Age b
2
0.0532 0.01921
2.771011 0.00812
0.0145 0.0919
Education b
3
0.0197 0.01464
1.345457 0.00537
-0.0098 0.0492
Dependent b
4
0.0034 0.01026
0.335595 0.00877
-0.0172 0.0241
Income b
5
0.9733 0.01772
54.92977 3.52E-42
0.9376 1.009
Tongali Village Coefficients
Standard Error
t Stat P-value
Lower 95
Upper 95
Intercept b 1.4846
0.68001 2.183178
0.0344 0.1141
2.85505 Price b
1
-1.0086 0.04377
-22.9977 8.63E-26
-1.0948 -0.91824
Age b
2
-0.1175 0.07063
-1.66368 0.00329
-0.2599 0.02484
Education b
3
-0.0582 0.05327
1.767514 0.00424
-0.0148 0.2242
Dependant b
4
0.0907 0.054171
1.674794 0.00107
-0.0184 0.1999
Income b
5
0.9260 0.035049
26.42119 1.25E-28
0.8554 0.99666
Sumber : Data primer diolah 2010
The find value of usefulness utility and consumer surplus for the total direct use of coral reef ecosystems that could otherwise be identified based on
primary data obtained from interviews and processed by a household questionnaire to fill fishermen using 9.5 software. Consumer surplus represents
the difference between the price paid to acquire goods or services willingness to pay than the average amount of reef fish resources requested multiplied by the
price per unit of resources consumed The results of regression analysis in Table 18 above, then proceed with the
calculation of consumer surplus to assess the direct benefits of reef fish. Calculation of economic valuation of coral reef resources in the waters of Island
Village Kadatua Waonu to benefit coral reefs that can be felt directly by the public. More results obtained from the calculation of consumer surplus can be
seen in Table 19.
Tabel 18. Estimation of consumer surplus of reef fish ecosystem resources
No Village
Name Type of
utilization Average Q
Kg Utility IDR
Consumen Surplus IDR
1. Kapoa
Reef fish 71.90
6.157204158 10
7
6.075788591 10
7
2. Waonu
Reef fish 64.16
2.264245735 10
7
2.258981164 10
7
3. Tongali
Reef fish 66.24
8.277645712 10
7
8.207064954 10
7
Jumlah 202.3
16.699095606 10
7
16.541834709 10
7
Source : Primary data proces 2010 The table above shows that the value of the benefit utility, the largest of
reef fish utilization of IDR. 82,776,457.12 with a consumer surplus of IDR. 82,070,649.54 value derived from the direct use of coral reefs in the three villages
with consumer demand for a monthly average of 202.3 kg month. Then the value of the benefit utility for the utilization of coral reef fish Kapoa Village of IDR.
61,572,041.58 with a consumer surplus of IDR. 60,757,885.91 with an average demand of consumers to 71.90 kg month. While a very small village Waonu, the
value of the benefit utility to IDR. Consumer surplus 22,642,457.35 USD. 22,589,811.64 with an average demand for 64.16 kg month.
Consumer surplus value reef fish catch and economic value of total demand based on the benefits utility from the public to catch on coral reefs in
the Village Kapoa, Waonu and Tongali. Demand curve based on consumer utility is presented in Figure 18, 19 and 20.
Coral reef ecosystems have economic value is based on the calculation of benefits and cost utilization. Based on the typology of the total economic value of
ecosystems has a value of direct and indirect benefits. Immediate benefits that can be judged from the presence of coral reef ecosystems is coral fisheries. While the
indirect benefits such as ecological services environmental services such as the ability to absorb carbon, retaining the wave. This limits the study estimates only
based on direct benefits to the productivity of coral fishery has a market value market based of reef fish.
Figure 18. Consumer demand curve of coral reef ecosystems in the Village
Tongali
Figure 18. Consumer demand curve of coral reef ecosystems in the Village Kapoa
P
P
Figure 20. Consumer demand curve of coral reef ecosystems in the Village Waonu
Estimating the economic value of resources is an attempt to assess the benefits and costs of environmental resources is commonly called economic
valuation. Economic valuation of fisheries resources devoted to the utilization of coral reef fish in a sustainable manner through estimating the total economic
value. The amount of economic value are appropriate instruments to calculate the catch of reef fish on the coral reef ecosystem as a result of the utilization of reef
fishery resources. The picture above P is the price of the catch per month and the average
variable Q scale per kg. The greater the number of catches, the greater the scale of the average price. Value based on the results of the calculation of Maple 9.5,
can be estimated consumer surplus per month from each village can be seen in Table 20. So the Total Economic Value NET of the direct benefits from the use
of fisheries reef resources is Kapoa Village, Waonu Village and Tongali Village amounted to Rp. 11,579,106.17, USD. 43,051,173.27 and USD. 15,640,846.46
per month. When converted into income per year for each village, then the Total Economic Value NET Tongali Village Rp. 187,690,157.52, Waonu Village Rp
516,614,079.24 and Kapoa villages. 138,949,274.04 year. The amount of total
P
economic value of the three villages for the Island Conservation Area Liwutongkidi Rp. 843,253,510.80 year Table 20.
Table 19. The amount of total economic value NET month and NET year
No Village Name
NET Month Rp
NET Year Rp
1. Kapoa
11.579.106,17 138.949.274,04
2. Waonu
43.051.173,27 516.614.079,24
3. Tongali
15.640.846,46 187.690.157,52
Revenue 843.253.510,80
Source : Primary data proces 2010 Total economic value of reef fisheries are calculated directly from the
direct use value to coastal communities. utilization of the most dominant and most valuable is the magnitude of the results can be obtained from the fishery resource
which is supported by coral reef ecosystems and the estimation results of the calculation is USD 15.000.-hayear often used by LIPI and DKP. If the
environment is not friendly utilization excessive or will result in damage or destruction of coral reefs in the waters, then resources will lose the economic
potential of approximately Rp. 1.3 billion, the exchange rate is assumed to be the U.S. dollar. 1 is Rp. 10.000,
Based on the international conference Global Biodiversity Conference held in Cape Town South Africa on 13 to 16 October 2009 with the utilization of reef
fisheries ecosystem to estimate the total economic value of coral reefs as ecosystem services around U.S. 129.200ha year. If the outcome of the
conference as a benchmark to assess the utilization of coastal ecosystems, the use of coral reef fisheries in island ecosystems Liwutongkidi, Island and Island
Kadatua Siompu with an average of 46.92 coral cover are categorized. It can be assumed from the damage percent to cover the coral reefs have been fishing
kehilanagn economic value of Rp. 179 924 808 896 year. Coral reefs in the identification of resources that have high conservation value because it has high
biodiversity, beauty and provide a backup source of nutfa plasma Sawyer 1992 at Dahuri 2003.
The role of natural resources is essential for life turned out in their utilization is often used in ways that are less wise. This is reflected in the attitudes
and behavior in the extract by using the pattern of utilization of environmentally unfriendly. In addition, Cesar 2000 reported the mass arrest practices with
explosives and cyanide in Indonesia. The reason is the high demand for reef fish, especially species of grouper and Napoleon wrasse fish.
With a high market value ranges from USD 60-180 per kilo has been leading the hunt for reef fish in almost all Indonesian waters. As a result of such
destructive behavior is unavoidable degradation of natural resources is checked. One of the natural resources in these conditions is the coral reef ecosystem.
Currently there is a change in utilization patterns of coral reef ecosystems. Utilization is generally no change in the pattern for the better but on the
use of destructive patterns by not based on the sustainability of ecosystems such as overfishing, the use of bombs, the use of drugs, trapping and coral mining. This
study may provide a warning to us that development and economic growth, if not done carefully there will be drain able to supply natural resources. This in turn
could hinder further economic growth. Therefore, the use of natural resources in the context of development must be done wisely.
Fish is one form of renewable natural resources or have properties that can recover be able to renew themselves. In addition to the renewable nature,
according to Widodo and Nurhakim 2002, fishery resources in general will have the nature of open access and common property which means the use is open
to anyone and ownership of a general nature. Resource properties like this raise some consequences, among others:
1. Without the management of symptoms will lead to over-exploitation, over- investment and over-employment.
2. The need for property rights, example property rights, community property rights or by private property rights.
Problems that occur at the site mentioned above shows that for every potential resource of fish in the waters but are not regulated or no regulation in the field of
utilization of fish resources. There will be a potential reduction of fish resources; this will impact on especially fishing gear fishing business.
5.6. Modeling Analysis of Reef Fisheries 5.6.1. Description Model and Conception
Modeling system begins with trying to understand how the real world and pour it into a model with a variety of existing methods. The model assesses the
extent to which models can be useful, so the first step in modeling is to determine the purpose of modeling. The model can be made to predict the components of the
model after a certain period. The usefulness of the model as a predictive tool lies in the precision and accuracy of prediction. This model can to want to understand
the structure and behavior of reef fisheries resources. Sustainable fisheries model consists of two sub-models of ecological and
economic models. Both sub-models can interact with each other. This model is also a mixture of the dynamic model sub-models ecology and economics, a
relationship between the sub-diagram model can be seen in Figure 21.
Figure 21. Sub model of coral reef fisheries ecology and economy