5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
5.1. Condition of Coral Reef Ecosystem
Research activities of coral reef ecosystem that were carried out around Siompu Island, Kadatua Island, and Liwutongkidi Island in the utilization of reef
fisheries resources, were done in 20 locations of observation stations. Each station was spread across multiple locations which is close to residential location and far
away from residential areas in between 3-10 meters. From 20 observation stations was divided into five stations in Siompu Island, five stations in Kadatua Island,
and 10 stations on Liwutongkidi Island with each station coordinates can be seen in Appendix 1.
Based on observation of basic substrate coverage at each station, visually it had a different types of coral reefs around the three islands. Type of coral in
waters around Siompu Island, Liwutongkidi Island and Kadatua Island was the type of fringing reef, with coral lifeform of massive coral, branching coral,
encrusting coral, and foliaceous. Observation studies include basic substrate, the reef fishes abundancy and socio-economic indicators.
5.2. Condition of Basic Substrate Coverage
Observation on coverage of the basic substrate of coral reef ecosystems that made directly in the three study sites was indicated the type of coral reefs in
the reef flats of Siompu Island, Liwutongkidi Island and Kadatua Island that categorized as fringing reef. Fringing reef is coral reefs that lived and thrived in
coastal area parallel to the coastline, this kind of reef is mostly found at a depth of less than 40 meters Nybaken 1992. The observations was made by using Line
Intercept Transect LIT method. It can be drawn that the coral reefs in Siompu, Kadatua and Liwutongkidi water were varied. Moreover, it can be said that at a
depth between 3-10 meters, coral reefs at all stations were categorized from damaged into a good condition.
1. Siompu Island The research of basic substrate coverage was done at 5 stations in
Siompu Island with a depth between 3-10 meters. Based on observations on coral reef basic substrate from station 1 to station 5, live coral cover was between
0.67 and 71.00. Largest live coral cover was at stations 4 with percentage of 71.00 and the smallest percentage of live coral cover was at station 5 as big as
0.67. In details, it can be seen in Table 14. Table 14. The percentage of live coral cover hard corals, soft corals and other
biota in Siompu Island Station
Hard Corals Soft Corals
Percentage of Coverage
Condition Category
1 41.99
2.00 43.99
Fair 2
29.17 3.83
33.00 Fair
3 18.68
7.50 26.18
Fair 4
67.66 3.34
71.00 Good
5 0.67
0.00 0.67
Poor Source : Primary data analysis 2010
Station 1 was located at coordinates of 05º3801S and 122º3013E and there was found the percentage of live coral cover as big as 43.99, consisting of
Acropora 0.66, non-Acropora 41.33, and soft coral 2.00. Other category with high coverage at transect location were dead coral and sand respectively
18.17 and 18.50. Dead coral was 18.17 in line with rubble coverage 16.67 Figure 10. Visually, average of coral cover percentage condition at station 1
based on lifeform considered to be in fair condition according to Gomez and Alcala 1978, Gomez and Yap 1988 with a range of average coverage between
25 - 49.9. At station 1 percent live coral cover is in fair condition but it has a fairly large variety of lifeform which is encrusting coral, branching coral,
heliopora coral, massive coral, submassive coral Appendix 2. Reefs category by lifeform.
Analysis on coral mortality index at station 1 had a value of 0.45, therefore coral reef had a low mortality ratio or high levels of health. Moreover,
Fachrul 2007 stated that if coral mortality index reaches 0 then coral mortality ratio is small or have a high level of reef health and if it reaches 1 then it have a
low level of reef health or high coral mortality ratio.
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