Marine conservation zone was a guarded and protected areas for its conserve life. This region is expressly prohibited for exploitation and exploration
as well as a buffer zone. Zone management in the conservation area is based on the extent of the various areas of resource utilization.
Marine conservation areas are often regarded as an area designated for biodiversity conservation. However, marine protected areas can also play an
important role in the management of fisheries and tourism Activities within each zone is determined by the purpose of conservation
area as defined in management plan Bengen 2001. In general, zones in a conservation area can be grouped into 3 three zone, which are:
1. Core zone was a zone that has a high conservation value, also highly vulnerable to disruption or change and can only tolerate a small scale of
human activity. This zone should be managed with a high level of protection, and no exploitation activities allowed.
2. Buffer zone is an open zone, but controlled by restricted permitted form of utilization. Buffer protection zones around conservation areas intended to
maintain the utilization of a variety of activities that can interfere, and protect conservation areas from external influences
3. Utilization Zone is a zone that still has some conservation value, but can tolerate various types of utilization by humans, and worthy enough for
permitted variety activities of exploitation in a marine and coastal conservation area.
Identification and selection of potential sites for protected areas in coastal and marine demanding the application of the criteria. The application of these
criteria are very helpful and identifying and objectively selecting protection sites.
2.6. Coral Reef Utilization
Extensive coral reefs in Indonesia is estimated around 50,000 km and has type biodiversity and highly primary productivity. But behind this potency, human
activities in the name of utilization of natural resource potential in coastal areas, either directly or indirectly, often damaging coral reefs. According to Suprihayono
2000 some activities that utilize the coral reefs were:
1 Coral reef fisheries Fisheries problem was part of the reef ecosystem, and even reef diversity
can reflect the diversity of fish species. Then, fisheries problem couldn’t be ignored as separated part of coral reef ecosystem. With recent increased
population numbers affected to increased fishing activity on coral reef ecosystems amount. If this activities continued intensively, then this condition would forced
the occurrence of fish stocks decline in coral reef ecosystems. It would took the ecosystem to recovered with a long period of time.
Effective management should be based on biological knowledge of the target species, so that the proper fishing techniques can be determined.
Management of coral reefs was tended to much on coral taking or human activities such as coral or reef fish bombing, and the other can indirectly damage
the reefs. 2. Coral fish capture
Fisheries resources can be fish resources, environmental resources and man- made resources used to exploit fish resources. Utilization of fish resources by
humans is closely linked to environmental conditions where the fish live. The existence of interactions between fishery resources, aquatic and human
environment as a user, then needed a third for management of these interactions in order to make this interaction run in a balanced manner within an ecosystem
Nikijuluw 2002. This has mean, fish resources management was setting up the fish resources utilization, environmental management and human management as
a user. In deep, Murdiyanto 2004 stated that in a coastal fisheries resource management, managers must be equipped with adequate knowledge and facilities.
Availability of accurate data and information, reliable human resources, funding, and public awareness and involvement were the things needed to made fisheries
resources management managed properly. Humans in fulfilling their needs on its economic needs would do whatever
they do. Fishermen in order to meet the market demand for ornamental marine fish will certainly try as hard as they could to fulfill the request. But sometimes,
fishermen forget about fish resources preservation rules so that when they capture
marine ornamental fish, they done it with every kind of way by using special nets even by damaging coral reefs using anesthetic potassium cyanide.
2.7. Coral Reef Economical Value
