Condition of Coral Reef Ecosystem

1. Siompu Island The research of basic substrate coverage was done at 5 stations in Siompu Island with a depth between 3-10 meters. Based on observations on coral reef basic substrate from station 1 to station 5, live coral cover was between 0.67 and 71.00. Largest live coral cover was at stations 4 with percentage of 71.00 and the smallest percentage of live coral cover was at station 5 as big as 0.67. In details, it can be seen in Table 14. Table 14. The percentage of live coral cover hard corals, soft corals and other biota in Siompu Island Station Hard Corals Soft Corals Percentage of Coverage Condition Category 1 41.99 2.00 43.99 Fair 2 29.17 3.83 33.00 Fair 3 18.68 7.50 26.18 Fair 4 67.66 3.34 71.00 Good 5 0.67 0.00 0.67 Poor Source : Primary data analysis 2010 Station 1 was located at coordinates of 05º3801S and 122º3013E and there was found the percentage of live coral cover as big as 43.99, consisting of Acropora 0.66, non-Acropora 41.33, and soft coral 2.00. Other category with high coverage at transect location were dead coral and sand respectively 18.17 and 18.50. Dead coral was 18.17 in line with rubble coverage 16.67 Figure 10. Visually, average of coral cover percentage condition at station 1 based on lifeform considered to be in fair condition according to Gomez and Alcala 1978, Gomez and Yap 1988 with a range of average coverage between 25 - 49.9. At station 1 percent live coral cover is in fair condition but it has a fairly large variety of lifeform which is encrusting coral, branching coral, heliopora coral, massive coral, submassive coral Appendix 2. Reefs category by lifeform. Analysis on coral mortality index at station 1 had a value of 0.45, therefore coral reef had a low mortality ratio or high levels of health. Moreover, Fachrul 2007 stated that if coral mortality index reaches 0 then coral mortality ratio is small or have a high level of reef health and if it reaches 1 then it have a low level of reef health or high coral mortality ratio.