gear they use. Based on the results of field surveys by filling questionnaires and interviews of fishermen respondents, it is informed that target species in fishing
activity were different types of reef fish, and they use variety of fishing gear. Fish handling was very simple and fishing techniques were bequested over generations
whereas the fishermen making only one fishing trip for the duration of 4-5 hours. Locations of fishing activities can be seen in Figure 17.
Sources: Primary data analysis in 2010 Explanation : X Fishermen of Kapoa Village, Y Fishermen of Waonu Village,
Z Fishermen of Tongali Village
Figure 17. Participatory visualization of fishing areas
Fish trap that used by local fishermen was made of woven bamboo. A number of fish trap which is owned by some fishermen in the villages were
ranged between 10 - 20 pieces. It is operated in two ways which is by drowning or hanging. Based on interviews, mostly fishermen in three villages using fish trap
by hanging. The way to hang the traps usually at the depth of 8-10 meters at the edge of reef area and given a rope about 4 meters. The use of the rope is to make
it easier to pull the fish trap by hooking the fish trap and pulled it to the water surface. Fish trap is put in the reef edge area, in the crevices of coral reefs or in
the place where there is a lot of reef fish. Fishing gear is placed for 3 until 4 days before lifting the fish trap to take the fish, after that fish trap will be placed back
on the coral reefs and the process continue. If the fish trap is broken then it will be fixed and after that it will be put back in the reef flat area with many reef fish.
The use of spears as a fishing gear was done by fishermen in Tongali, Kapoa and Waonu Villages surround coastal area with coral reef. The advantage
of catching fish by using spears is the fisherman can catch the fish according to their preferences. Based on interviews with fishermen, spears are best operated in
the afternoon until evening time, because of that it will require an additional tool in the form of torch lights. Catching fish with spears will require certain condition
which is physically strong and healthy body because fishermen will need to dive at the bottom of the sea to find the fish that was hiding in coral reefs. Fishermens
are not using the diving tools because they have been doing this for a long time so they able to hold their breath for 3-5 minutes in the bottom of the sea.
This type of fishing gear that is widely used by the fishermen in Kapoa, Waonu and Tongali Villages is handline which is usually operated by one or two
people in a fishing boat with the type of hooks specified according to the type of fish. The fishing hook used by the fishermen are depend on their preferences, they
use one or two until three hooks at the end of the fishing lines and every hooks was giving a baited also given a little weight to straighten the fishing line towards
the bottom of the sea. In addition to fish traps, spears, and hooks, there is also net that used in
coral reef area. The use of this type of fishing gear can damage coral reef by
piercing the reef with bambo in order to create the noise so the reef fish comes out from their hiding places and then herded towards the net that has been stretched.
5.5. Reef Fisheries Economic Utility Estimation
Coral reef ecosystems have economic value is based on the calculation of benefits and cost utilization. Based on the typology of the total economic value of
ecosystems has a value of direct and indirect benefits. Immediate benefits that can be judged from the presence of coral reef ecosystems is coral fisheries. While the
indirect benefits such as ecological services ecological services such as the ability to absorb carbon, retaining the wave. This limits the study estimates only
based on direct benefit to the productivity of coral reef ecosystems has a market value market based of reef fish.
Economic assessment of potential resources in coral reef island conservation area by using the approach Liwutongkidi changes in productivity, or
better known as effects on production EOP as done by Cesar 1996 and Molberg Folke 1999. Assessment approach with EOP techniques performed to
determine the value of coastal ecosystem function based on the productivity of coral reef fisheries.
Estimation of demand functions to assess manfaaat directly from reef fisheries in island ecosystems Siompu, Island and Island Kadatua Liwutongkidi
can expect from the consumer surplus equation 11. Demand analysis is used to estimate the economic value of reef fish which is approached through a consumer
and producer surplus associated with changes in the requested resource. Pendugaaan demand function of the ecosystem of coral reef fisheries to assess the
direct benefits in this study followed the number of catches Q is a relevant variable dependent variable or is influenced by the independent variables as
influenced by the average price scale P level of education Ed , Age a, number of dependents F and the fishing experience Ex using multiple regression
koofisien obtained are presented in Table 18.
Tabel 17. Regression coefficient of catch reef fisheries resources in Kapoa, Waonu and Tongali Villages.
Kapoa Village Coefficients
Standard Error
t Stat P-value
Lower 95
Upper 95
Intercept b -0.29031
0.3637 -0.79829
0.42899 -1.0232
0.442609 Price b
1
-1.01336 0.0271
-37.3528 5.77E-35
-1.0680 -0.95868
Age b
2
-0.01258 0.0262
-0.47939 0.00340
-0.0655 0.040314
Education b
3
0.037111 0.0336
1.10321 0.02759
-0.0307 0.104905
Dependent b
4
-0.03286 0.013
-2.51031 0.01581
-0.0592 -0.00648
Income b
5
1.033752 0.0191
54.04 7.15E-42
0.9952 1.072305
Waonu Village Coefficients
Standard Error
t Stat P-value
Lower 95
Upper 95
Intercept b 0.1239
0.2985 0.415194
0.6800 -0.4777
0.7256 Price b
1
-1.0023 0.01074
-93.2986 3.25E-52
-1.0240 -0.981
Age b
2
0.0532 0.01921
2.771011 0.00812
0.0145 0.0919
Education b
3
0.0197 0.01464
1.345457 0.00537
-0.0098 0.0492
Dependent b
4
0.0034 0.01026
0.335595 0.00877
-0.0172 0.0241
Income b
5
0.9733 0.01772
54.92977 3.52E-42
0.9376 1.009
Tongali Village Coefficients
Standard Error
t Stat P-value
Lower 95
Upper 95
Intercept b 1.4846
0.68001 2.183178
0.0344 0.1141
2.85505 Price b
1
-1.0086 0.04377
-22.9977 8.63E-26
-1.0948 -0.91824
Age b
2
-0.1175 0.07063
-1.66368 0.00329
-0.2599 0.02484
Education b
3
-0.0582 0.05327
1.767514 0.00424
-0.0148 0.2242
Dependant b
4
0.0907 0.054171
1.674794 0.00107
-0.0184 0.1999
Income b
5
0.9260 0.035049
26.42119 1.25E-28
0.8554 0.99666
Sumber : Data primer diolah 2010
The find value of usefulness utility and consumer surplus for the total direct use of coral reef ecosystems that could otherwise be identified based on
primary data obtained from interviews and processed by a household questionnaire to fill fishermen using 9.5 software. Consumer surplus represents
the difference between the price paid to acquire goods or services willingness to pay than the average amount of reef fish resources requested multiplied by the
price per unit of resources consumed The results of regression analysis in Table 18 above, then proceed with the
calculation of consumer surplus to assess the direct benefits of reef fish. Calculation of economic valuation of coral reef resources in the waters of Island
Village Kadatua Waonu to benefit coral reefs that can be felt directly by the public. More results obtained from the calculation of consumer surplus can be
seen in Table 19.
