The coral reefs damage is caused by human activities, like fishing method using explossive material and poison potassium and cyanide, shown by physical
damage coral reefs spots. According to Bappeda 2005, Kecamatan Siompu at coordinate 050 40’23’’ SL, 1220 33’57’’ EL has 50- 75 of reefs coverage and
Kecamatan Kadatua at coordinate 050 31’21’’ SL, 1220 28’14’’ EL has 25-35 of reefs coverage. Reefs mining for construction and road material also cause the
ecosystem damage. Coastal resources issues relate to lack of community knowledge about the importance of coral reefs ecosystem for supporting their life.
So far, the coastal resources usage by community has been orientated to instant utilization without considering its sustainability.
To implement the preservation of coastal and marine resources in increasing and maintaining fisheries production, study model is needed using coral reefs
based ecology economy approach by answering basic questions as follow : 1. How is the ecologic characteristic, especially coral reefs and reef fishes
condition 2. How is the optimal utilization of reef fisheries sustainably
3. How is the ecosystem based reef fisheries management
1.3 Research Objectives and Benefits
The research objectives are : 1. To identify composition charactersitic of bottom surface, fish community
composition and its co-relation with the habitat at coral reefs ecosystem in conservation area of Liwutongkidi Island
2. To estimate economy value of coral reefs ecosystem in conservation area of Liwutongkidi Island
3. To formulate management concept of coral reefs ecosystem based on ecology- economy model in conservation area of Liwutongkidi Island
The research benefits are : 1. To give basic information for coral reefs ecosystem authority in conservation
area of Liwutongkidi Island. 2. As guideline in integrated and sustainable planning, policy, utilization and
management of coral reefs ecosystem.
1.4. Work Frame
Liwutongkidi Island conservation area as a rich biotic resources area and as nursery ground and spawning ground, is well managed. On the other hand, its
over utilization is feared to affect the natural resources and its environment. This concerns have made us to do something to protect this area through Sea
Conservation Area. Ecology-economy management is very important to understand how far the utilization of Sea Conservation Area gives the direct
benefits as well as indirect benefits, economically benefits as well as non- economically benefits for coastal community.
Without good planning, the resources conservation will be threatened and this will affect the marine resources, utilized by humans. The exploration of
resource potency has absolutely to be conducted sustainably. Sustainable coral reefs management is very important to conduct. The
existence of productive coral reefs ecosystem shall support local fishermen’s life. When coral reefs ecosystem could be functioned optimally, fisheries production
will increase as well social economy activities indirectly. Not only is fisheries purely economy activity, but it has been a way of living
for most of small scale fishermen in tropical region. Therefore, social-ecology approach which acommodates ecology and economy aspects in a system would be
appropriate to be considered for future fisheries resources management. Coastal management is a process of an effort to control human activities in
using natural resources of coastal region, to be able to produce as maximum benefit as possible for community, at present time as well as for future time.
Therefore, to determine good management system, we need to understand the characteristic of dynamic coral reefs ecosystem and unique environment
condition. The perspective similarity about objectives, utilization pattern and coral reefs ecosystem management shall be a good place to reach benefits for
community. Further more, the quality of coral reefs ecosystem and social economy
condition of local community towards some criteria’s of reef fisheries ecosystem based management, is conducted using ecology and economy approaches.
Coral reefs ecosystem is one of typical tropical coastal area, that has important functions ecologically as well as economically. The function is to
provide nutrients for water biota, physical shelter, spawning ground, playing ground and nursery ground. Besides ecology function, coral reefs also produces
various products with high economy value, like reef fishes, reef crustaceans, algae, sea cucumber, etc.
Ecology approach of coral reefs ecosystem is one of the important factors to identify the changes happened in fish community structure, includes coral
covering percentage, diversity, homogeneity and domination of reef fishes as well as to identify the co-relation between the fish and the reef. To identify the coral
reefs condition, LIT Line Intercept Transect method is used, with transect as long as 70 meter, as deep as 3-10 meter along the coastal line.
Economy approach from reef fisheries economy aspect is determined by direct use value and indirect use value. Direct use value are products that can be
utilized directly, for example consuming fish and ornamental fish, while indirect use value is difficult to identify because the value changes from time to time, for
example reef ecosystem as natural breakwater and habitat for various reef fishes.
Besides that, coral reefs provide direct and indirect utilization for community, especially coastal community around Liwutongkidi Island. The most dominant
and valuable utilization is the products coming from marine fisheries resources supported by reefs ecosystem.
Ecology and economy approach is used as based in determining policy approach pattern by studying using ecology-economy approach to produce an
integrated and sustainable coral reef based management. An integrated coastal region management is an interactive and evolutionary process to implement the
coastal region development optimally and sustainably. In preparing ecology-economy management in utilizing the reef fisheries in
coastal region of Liwutongkidi Island, we need to prepare a model of system dinamics, using comprehensive Stella software 9.02 version to describe the
relation of ecology-economy utilization of coral reefs ecosystem in coastal region of Liwutongkidi Island, to identify the problem root which bases the decreasing
coral reefs ecosystem in the coastal region of Liwutongkidi Island and to
determine proper management scenario to reduce the pressure of exploration activities towards coral reefs ecosystem in the coastal region of Liwutongkidi
Island. The final aim of sustainably fisheries management is not only to pursue the short term of economic growth, but more to guarantee economic growth which
can be used fairly and proportionally by all stakeholders, and to maintain the carrying capacity and coastal quality, for the development to be conducted in
harmony. The Figure 1 below shows the work frame of this study.
Figure 1. Study flowchart using ecology-economy approach
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management Model
Marine Conservation Area of Liwutongkidi Island
Bottom substrate coverage percentage
Mortality Index Diversity
Homogeneity and Domination
Identification of Reef Fisheries Economy Aspect
Identification of Coral Reefs Community Structure Aspect
Reefs fisheries system
Reefs fisheries management and survey pattern
Economic value of reefs fisheries resources
Analisys Ecology-Economy of Reefs Fisheries
Sustained Reefs Fisheries
Coral Reefs Ecosystem
2. STUDY LITERATURE
