As seen in the datum above, the translator employs borrowing technique in translating the address terms in the novel. It is said so since
Amak
addresses herself by using the word
Amak
. The translator keeps the word
Amak
in the source text into the target text. Furthermore, in Minang,
Amak
means mother. This is how translator avoids ambiguity in addressing
Amak
.
Datum 4944422nd2ndTTBorFully ST
:
Aku ingin menjadi ulama yang intelek, Ustad.
TT
: I want to be a Muslim scholar, Ustad.
The dialogue between
Ustad
Salman and Raja is when he asks new students to introduce themselves in front of the class. When it is Raja’s turn, he explains
why he wanted to take Madani Pesantren entrance test twice. In the dialogue above, borrowing technique is employed by the translator in
translating this datum since the word
ustad
is translated purely in the target language. Further,
usta d
is Arabic term which means teacher. In Bahasa Indonesia, it is usually used to address Islamic teachers.
d. Compensation
It is a translation which aims to introduce a source text element of information in another place in the target text because it couldnot be reflected in
the same place as in the source text. There is only one datum of the translation of address terms using compensation found in the translation of
Negeri 5 Menara
into
The Land of Five Towers
. Below is the example.
Datum 1963313102nd2ndTTCompDiff ST
:
Dia seorang pemimpin militer yang hebat, penuh strategi dan disiplin,
Dik.
TT
: He was a great military leader, full of strategy and discipline, son.
Based on the dialogue above, it is the dialogue of the great General Subono to Alif when Alif interviews him. General Subono has been on the rise with
regards to his stern comments on the dual function of the Indonesian armed forces. Alif asks him which Muslim figure he adores and what the reason is.
In the example above, the translator employs compensation translation technique. The word
dik
in the source text is used by General Subono to address Alif. It translated into
son
in the target text. There is no equal translation for
dik
in the target text hence the translator translates it into
son
as the closest meaning in the target text. Furthermore, the word
dik
is to address a young boy, it could be used to address a young male or female people. Meanwhile,
son
is used by older people to address a young male boy.
e. Description
It is a translation technique which gives a description directly without maintaining the original term. There is only one datum of the translation of
address terms using description found in the translation of
Negeri 5 Menara
into
The Land of Five Towers
. Below is the example.
Datum 1592512362nd2ndTTCompPartly ST
:
Ustad sedang ke Surabaya, Den.
TT
: The ustad is in Surabaya, young man.
Above is the dialogue of an elderly woman to Alif. When Alif comes to
Ustad
Khalid’s house, she opens the door and tells him that
Ustad
Khalid is not at home.
Description technique is employed by the translator in translating this datum. The word
den
in the source text is used by an elderly woman to address
Alif. Meanwhile, the translator translates it into
young man
in the target text which refers to
den. Den
is the abbreviation of
raden.
In Javanese language it is a title used by people who have lower social status to address a young boy who has
higher social status than the addresser.
f. Generalization
It is a translation technique which uses more general or neutral term in order to avoid the ambiguity or unnaturalness in the target language. There are 19 data
of generalization technique employed by the translator to translate address terms in
Negeri 5 Menara
into
The Land of Five Towers.
Below are the examples.
Datum 2442nd2ndPPGenFully ST
:
masya Allah, ini ente, atang bandung? sutradara Batutah?
TT
: masya Allah, is it you, atang from bandung? Director of Batutah?
The dialogue of Alif to Atang is when he cannot believe that the person is really Atang, his close friend when studying in Madani Pesantren. They both have
not met for a long time since graduating from there.
