Linguistic Compression Translation Techniques

pronominal systems in a certain language has a close relationship with etiquette of the speaker. The etiquette of English, for example, is different from the etiquette of Javanese, Batak, Sundanese and etc. Chaika 1982: 46 explains differently that address is different from greeting and summon. Address differs stylistically from greeting in two ways. First, address issued almost solely for ‘Power and Solidarity’. It remains constant throughout a relationship unless that relationship changes. Greeting may vary depending on the people’s mood. Two people who address each other the same way each time may vary their greetings. Second, address can be repeated constantly throughout a conversation to reinforce the relative intimacy and power between people. Greeting, on the other hand, only sets the stage. Then, summon is a formal beginning of an interaction. One sure way for a conversation to become relevant is for someone to give summons or greetings. Summon is used to grab attention then is followed by a conversation. Besides, greeting also can be used to grab attention but with no other conversations. Furthermore, the fact of summoning implies that more information is to come. This research focuses on pronouns, kinships, titles and names. Each of them is described below.

a. Pronouns

Every language has different pronouns system. Likewise in Bahasa Indonesia and English pronouns system, both languages have different formal meanings and conceptual meanings. Simatupang 2000: 77 and Larson 1984: 121 have stated pronouns system as in Table 1 and Table 2 below. Table 1.Bahasa Indonesia Pronoun System Personal Pronouns Singular Plural Familiar Formal Familiar Formal 1 st Aku Saya Kami exclusive Kita inclusive 2 nd KauKamu Anda Kalian 3 rd Dia Beliau Mereka Beliau-beliau Simatupang 2000: 77 Table 2. English Pronoun System Personal Pronouns Singular Plural 1 st I We 2 nd You 3 rd Masculine Feminine Neutral They He She It Larson 1984: 121

b. Kinships

In translating the English kinship terms into Indonesian kinship terms, the translator should be careful since the English kinship systems are different from the Indonesian kinship systems. Simatupang 2000: 77 and Larson 1984: 121 have differently stated kinship terms as in Table 3 and Table 4 below.