in this research. The first point is the types of address terms which are mostly used in
Negeri 5 Menara
and its English version,
The Land of Five Towers
. For example, the word
Ustad
which is also translated into
Ustad
is categorized into title
which shows a person’s rank. The second problem is the translation techniques employed in the translation of the address terms. For instance, the
word
Amak
is a Minang language which means
mother.
It is translated into
Amak
by employing borrowing technique. The translation of
Amak
is borrowed straight from the source text without any changes. Therefore, the prior focus contributes to
the third point, which is the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of the address terms in
The Land of Five Towers.
For example, the word
waang
is translated into
son
.
Waang
is a Minang language which is used to address a young male person or a son. It is equal to
son
in English
.
Thus, the translation of
waang
to
son
is categorized into fully equivalent translation.
D. Formulation of the Problem
Based on the background and focus of the research, the problems in this research can be formulated in the following questions.
1. What types of address terms are used in
Negeri 5 Menara
and how they are expressed in
The Land of Five Towers?
2. What translation techniques are used to translate the address terms in
The Land of Five Towers?
3. What is the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of the address
terms in
The Land of Five Towers
like?
E. Objectives of the Research
In line with the problems formulated above, the objectives of the research are:
1. to describe the types of address terms which are used in
Negeri 5 Menara
and how they are expressed in
The Land of Five Towers,
2. to describe the translation techniques used to translate the address terms in
The Land of Five Towers,
and 3.
to describe the degree of meaning equivalence of the translation of the address terms in
The Land of Five Towers.
F. Significance of the Research
The result of this research is expected to have the following significances. 1.
Theoretically, the research finding is expected to enrich the study of translation, especially in the translation analysis of address terms in Bahasa
Indonesia novels to English novels or vice versa. 2.
Practically, this research is expected to give comprehensive feedback not only to the professional, part time and freelance translator but also English
Language and Literature students particularly for those who are in translation major in order to overcome the barriers in translating address
terms of Bahasa Indonesia novels to English novels or vice versa.
6
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter consists of theoritical review, conceptual framework, and analytical construct. Theoritical review explains the related theories of this study.
Meanwhile, conceptual framework describes briefly the concepts of the study conducted, whereas analytical construct draws the arrangement of the researcher’s
viewpoint toward the phenomena being observed.
A. Theoritical Review
1. Translation
The definition of translation has been stated by some experts. They define the definition in many ways. Besides a process of reconstructing the form, words
or phrases from the source language to the target language, a translation text needs to be equivalent in grammar and cultural context. As defined by Larson 1984: 3,
translation is the activity which consists of studying lexicon, grammatical structure, communication
situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning
using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the target language and its cultural context.
Hatim and Munday 2004: 3 define translation as a process and as a
product. They propose that “[t]he first sense focuses on the role of the translator in taking the original or source textST and turning it into a text in another language
the target text, TT. The second sense centers on the concrete translation product
