From the several definitions mentioned above, translation as a process of transferring according to Hatim and Munday is more appropriate to be used. It can
be said that translation is a process which is obligated to find the meaning equivalence and preserved features of the original text in the target text. In brief,
the process of translation is emphasized here as the main problem in translating to find the equivalent meaning of translation, in this regard, in translating the verbal
humor matters.
b. Processes of Translation
Translation process is the complete activity which is done by the translators to transfer a message, meaning, or idea from source language into
target language. According to Nida and Taber in Munday 2001: 39-40, they state
that translation process consists of three stages which can be illustrated as follows.
A Source B Receptor
Analysis Restructuring
Transfer X
Y Figure 1
. Translation Process by Nida and Taber in Munday 2001 In the first stage, which is the beginning of the structure that the meaning
is given in source language A, analysis can be defined as analyzing in terms of the grammatical relationship and the meaning of the words or the combination of the
words.
In the second stage, transfer can be defined as analyzing material which is transferred in the
translator’s mind from the source language A to the target language B. In the last stage, restructuring can be defined as transferring material
which is restructured in order to make the final message fully acceptable translation in the receptor of the target language. Relating to this research,
translating verbal humor expression does not only need transfer process, but also another process in which connected to the semantic meaning and style form of
the verbal humor in order to make the translation acceptable in the target language’s culture as natural as possible. In this respect, the researcher then takes
into consideration of another concept of the translation process which is proposed by Bell 1991: 20. He states that translation process is the transformation of a
source language text into a target language text by means of processes which takes place within memory of human beings. Further, it can be seen more
specifically in the following figure.
Figure 2.
Translation Process Proposed by Bell 1991 Source Language Text
Memory Analysis
Synthesis Semantic
Representation
Target Language Text
The above figure shows the analysis of one language-specific text the source language text, the SLT into a universal non-language-specific semantic
representation and the synthesis of that semantic representation into a second language-specific text the target language text, the TLT. Those stages show that
translation is not an easy process because the translator should take into consideration to transfer the representation of the meaning equivalence in the
target language. Both theories describe that the translators must pay highly attention towards the stage of analysis to discover the equivalent meaning before
they transfer and re-express the meaning. Besides, they also have to mind about the stage of restructuring of synthesis in order to get the meaning as natural as
possible in the target language culture. Since this research is mostly related to the analysis of not only semantic
representation meaning, but also the synthesis form or style of the verbal humor from the source expression to the target expression, the process of
translation proposed by Bell 1991 is more appropriate to be used. Therefore, by using this process, the translated expression of the verbal humor which consists of
Wordplay, Allusion and Verbal Irony hopefully can be excellently delivered as an acceptable translation in the target language as well.
c. Types of Translation
There have been many observations and proposals regarding the types of translation. This segment will explain further about the types of translation
theories according to some experts of translation studies as follows.
