The above figure shows the analysis of one language-specific text the source language text, the SLT into a universal non-language-specific semantic
representation and the synthesis of that semantic representation into a second language-specific text the target language text, the TLT. Those stages show that
translation is not an easy process because the translator should take into consideration to transfer the representation of the meaning equivalence in the
target language. Both theories describe that the translators must pay highly attention towards the stage of analysis to discover the equivalent meaning before
they transfer and re-express the meaning. Besides, they also have to mind about the stage of restructuring of synthesis in order to get the meaning as natural as
possible in the target language culture. Since this research is mostly related to the analysis of not only semantic
representation meaning, but also the synthesis form or style of the verbal humor from the source expression to the target expression, the process of
translation proposed by Bell 1991 is more appropriate to be used. Therefore, by using this process, the translated expression of the verbal humor which consists of
Wordplay, Allusion and Verbal Irony hopefully can be excellently delivered as an acceptable translation in the target language as well.
c. Types of Translation
There have been many observations and proposals regarding the types of translation. This segment will explain further about the types of translation
theories according to some experts of translation studies as follows.
Newmark 1992 divides two basic types of translation, namely communicative and semantic. These two approaches differ in terms of method,
means, as well as the texts which are translated. Semantic translation is trying to maintain the structure of semantic, syntactic, and the contextual meaning of the
source language text. Thus, the cultural elements of the source language should be maintained even though it is presented in the text of the target language
translation. More specifically, some texts such as a poem and a song lyric require
semantic approach, others, like advertising texts, or journalistic prose, must be translated in a communicative fashion.
Further, in communicative translation, the translator can improve the logic of the sentences of the source language, such as replacing words and rigid
structures with a more flexible, eliminating part of the unclear sentence, eliminating repetition, and modifying the use of jargon Newmark, 1981: 42. In
addition, this approach aims at creating the effect of the audience in the target language as well as the experience of the audience in the source language do.
Since this research is aimed to analyze the film which includes the sense of humor, the best method to be applied is communicative approach. Thus, the
translation will not sound clumsy or awkward in order to create an acceptable translation in the target language. Furthermore, On Linguistic Aspect of
Translation, Jakobson in Venuti 2000: 114 stated that there are three types of translation as follows.
1 Intralingual Translation or Rewording
Intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. This type of translation would occur
when the translators rephrase the messages, expressions, or texts in the same language to explain or clarify something that might be spoken or written. In this
case, the translator uses synonyms to be translated using another expression although the message in the source text ST remains the same.
2 Intersemiotic Translation or Transmutation
Intersemiotic translation or transmutation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of non-verbal sign systems or vice versa. This type of translation
would occur when a written text were translated, for instance, into music, film, or painting. The message is transferred from one symbol system or sign system into
a language or another form.
3 Interlingual Translation or Translation Proper
Interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other languages. This type is more familiar in translation
field which is involved two or more languages. In addition, this research is using this type of translation that the source expression is in English and the target
expression is in Bahasa Indonesia. Afterwards, there are some divisions concerning with this type of
translation interlingual namely, written translation, interpreting and audioviusal translation. Each of them has their own characteristic which will be examined in
further explanation.
