example, wow might be said to express excitement, delight, wonder, etc., yuck is to express disgust or revulsion, ouch is a feeling of pain, aha is surprise, etc.
By taking into account about this matter, interjections can be used by some people to create a verbal humor creatively.
6 Ironic Repetition
Repetition means the fact of doing or saying the same thing many times which has been done or said before. In this respect, according to Jacoby 1999: 3,
repetition may have two effects, serving both to increase the strength of questioning, an automatic influence, and to increase the probability of recollection
of earlier asking, a consciously controlled use of memory. Moreover, this kind of ironical expression can also bring fun in the conversation to create humorous
expression.
2. Subtitling Strategies
Concerning the subtitling strategies in translating the sense of humor in Rio 2 film, there are ten strategies proposed by
Gottlieb’s theory as quoted by Taylor 2000, they are explained as follows.
a. Expansion
Expansion is used when the original requires an explanation because some cultural nuance is not retrievable in the target language.
b. Paraphrase
Paraphrase is resorted to in cases where the phraseology of the original cannot be reconstructed in the same syntactic way in the target language.
c. Transfer
Transfer refers to the strategy of translating the source text completely and accurately.
d. Imitation
Imitation maintains the same forms, typically with names of people and places.
e. Transcription
Transcription is used in those cases where a term is unusual even in the source text, for example the use of a third language or nonsense language.
f. Dislocation
Dislocation is adopted when the original employs some sort of special effect, e.g. a silly song in a cartoon film, where the translation of the effect is
more important than the content.
g. Condensation
Condensation is the shortening of the text in the least obtrusive way possible, but as we shall see later, this is not necessarily the case.
h. Decimation
Decimation is an extreme form of condensation where, perhaps for reasons of discourse speed, even potentially important elements are omitted,
i. Deletion
Deletion refers to the total elimination of parts of a text.
j. Resignation
Resignation describes the strategy adopted when no translation solution can be found and meaning is inevitably lost.
3. Acceptability
The last framework explains about the acceptability of the translated humor expression. Acceptability refers to how natural or acceptable the target text
for the target audiences. It can be used as a model to see whether the translated expression in the target culture can be acceptable or not. The acceptability of the
translation is measured based on three scales. Scale 3 is given if the translated text is acceptable, scale 2 is less acceptable, and scale 1 is unacceptable. Below is the
level of acceptability analysis. a
Acceptable : The translation is considered acceptable translation if the
subtitling expression sounds natural; the technical terms used by the subtitler sound familiar to the viewers or audiences. Afterwards, the word, the phrase, the
clause, or the sentence used by the subtitler is in accordance with the rules of the target language TL. In addition, the meaning and the style of the verbal humor in
the source expressions are naturally conveyed and culturally acceptable into the target expressions. It does not feel like they are translation products. The meaning
and the style of the verbal humor in the source expressions are naturally conveyed and culturally acceptable into the target expressions.
b
Less Acceptable : The translation is considered as less acceptable translation if
the subtitling expression generally sounds natural but it sounds clumsy and uses unfamiliar expressions and dictions. Thus, it needs several adjustments to be
suited in the target expressions. In addition, the meaning of the source verbal humor expressions are not so naturally rendered and the style in the target
expressions are not culturally acceptable.
