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readability value is suitable to the function or purpose of the translation text in its role as interlingual and intercommunity bridge.
4. Foreignized and Domesticated Translation
In his book Translation Invisibility, Venuti states that “foreignization entails choosing a foreign text and developing a translation method along lines
which are excluded by dominant cultural values in the target language.” 1995: 20 This is in line with what Hervey and Higgins call “exotic method”, whose
characteristics, among others, are closest to source culture, giving ‘exotic’ nuance to the target text, and leaving source culture untranslated 1992: 5.
In further discussion, Venuti pursues that the foreignized translation can also be used as a political strategy by some authorities to “brainwash the target
culture mind” with foreign cultures and terms, which in turn is internalized in the target readers. Although in the positive side, the foreignized translation can be
seen as a bridge to further mutual undertanding between two different cultures, such a hidden agenda should not be ignored.
Schleimercher in Venuti states that “foreignizing method is an ethnodeviant pressures on those values to register the linguistic and cultural
differences of the foreign text, sending the readers abroad” 1995: 20. This means that the target readers upon reading the ‘foreignized element’ in the translation
feel they are ‘abroad’, introduced with terms, cultures, aspects alien to their own. Examples of the foreignized method in the translation books can be found
in children books published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama. In Lima Sekawan series,
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some terms are deliberately not translated into Bahasa Indonesia, such as ‘sandwich’, ‘ham’, ‘bacon’ ‘uncle’, ‘aunt’, and some others. Those terms are not
translated into roti isi, daging babi, babi asap, paman, bibi. While the reason for leaving the terms ‘sandwich’, ‘uncle’, ‘aunt’ untranslated is to “send the
Indonesian children abroad” to familiarize them with English common terms, the reason for not translating the terms ‘ham’ and ‘bacon’, in my opinion, is
somewhat political and economic. Political reason, in the sense that if translated into daging babi and babi asap, it will offend a certain religion community;
economic, to reach wider audience, which means greater profit. Different from the previous discussion on foreignization, the
domestication method “entails translating in a transparent, fluent, ‘invisible’ style in order to minimize the foreignness of the TT.” Venuti, 1995: 20. A
domesticated translation means that the translation is fluent by using target language at work. There is no term that remains the same as the SL.
Schlemeicher in Venuti states that “Translation can never be completely adequate to the foreign text, the translator is allowed to choose between a
domesticataing method, an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target language cultural values, bringing the author back home.” 1995: 20.
Domesticating method emphasizes on the equivalence of some culturally- loaded terms. In the translation continuum, the extreme domestication is placed on
farthest right, meaning that the translators are permitted to some extent replace even the material cultural non-existent in the target culture. Although some
scholars say that the action of replacing source culture material with target culture
