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comparison of the ST and TT in which the respondents gave assessment to the accuracy, and the readability of the transalation. There were two different groups
of respondents who would be categorized into accuracy and readability. The accuracy group consisted of three experts who would assess the
accuracy of the translation. Those experts came from different backgrounds. They were profesional translator, language scholar, and literary expert. They were
chosen to represent the whole range of expertise needed to assess the translation accuracy. Professional translator represented the expert who had the declarative
and procedural knowledge of translation. Language scholar represented the one who had bilingual expertise, and literary expert represented the one who knew a
lot about literary works. Since the book was translated into English and published for English
speaking readers, the readability group consisted of seven readers from English- speaking countries who enjoyed Indonesian literature translated into English.
They were from Australia, United States, Turkey, Hong Kong, Netherland, and New Zealand. They were from various backgrounds, foreign students who studied
in Indonesia, and one of them had an Indonesian wife. All of them were familiar with Indonesian culture and enjoyed literatures. These respondents were assumed
to represent target readers who would become the captive market of the book This Earth of Mankind. Their various backgrounds and their familiarity with
Indonesian culture were important, because the projected readers of the Toer’s works must know Indonesian literature at least.
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2. Data Collection
Since there were two methods applied in this research, all the data were collected both through the library research method and the field research method.
The data of this study were not only from texts as the source of library research, but also from the non-text references, the respondents, as the source of the field
research. The objective data were collected by finding all terms related to ‘tools’ in
Bumi Manusia and This Earth of Mankind. After all data were collected, they were categorized according to their function, and then coded as follows:
1STMT3
Kereta api – kereta tanpa kuda, tanpa sapi, tanpa kerbau – belasan tahun telah disaksikan sebangsaku.
in which,
1 : number of whole data
ST : source text Bumi Manusia
MT : tool category in this case ‘Moving’ tool
3 : page number where the term can be found in the book
The affective data were collected by means of questionnaire. The questionnaire was open-ended one, meaning that the respondents were given not
only choices, but also space to state their comment and opinion. The questionnaires were categorized according to accuracy and readability groups.
The respondents were coded according to their category as follows:
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R1 means respondent of readability number 1 R2 means respondent of readability number 2, etc
LA means respondent of linguistic background LE means respondent of literary background
PT means respondent of professional background
The accuracy respondents were asked to compare the data from ST and TT, and check whether the Indonesian text was accurately translated into the
English text or not. The readability respondents were asked to read only the TT. Then, each respondent had to score the accuracy and the readability of the
translation text of every datum. Lastly, the respondents might add comments, suggestions, or reasons to the space provided below every datum, if necessary.
The scores then were calculated to find the average. In addition, an interview to the respondent would be conducted if there
was a respondent that gave score which was totally different from other respondents.
3. Population and Sample
The population of this study was all terms related to ‘tool’ taken from Bumi Manusia and This Earth of Mankind, the translated version of Bumi
Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The sample was taken from the population based on the ‘tool’ categorization, such as weapon, farming, dishes, etc.
The method used in this research is Krejcie-Morgan 1970. The method uses a certain formula to determine the sample size. The population of this
